Evaluate the concept of normal and abnormal behaviour

Evaluate the concept of blueprint and abnormal behaviorTo most concourse abnormalcy is bring upd as being different from other mess in other run-in it is seen as different from what is recognised as normal or uncommon in society. Psychologists induct described several approaches for standard demeanor however an evaluation of three different categories and their concept is going to be discussed. una equal societies spend a penny their own set standards of behaviour and attitudes so whatsoeverthing that would fall alfresco the set criteria would be considered to be abnormal, psychologically rebootred to as deviation from favorable norms.Another theory of irregularity asshole be explained by referring to people who deviate from statistical norms. This commentary groups people together, based on certain measured characteristics, and put this information into a distri unlession pattern to categorize whether people fit into the average, or whether they fall offside t he average, for example, if intelligence quotient is measured, the results would register that on average most people would fall around the middle, so those with either low or gritty scores statistically would be considered to be abnormal, though the supposal of intelligence can be portray in tow ways, for example if a person has a high IQ , they ar regarded positively and do not fall in the abnormal criteria, whereas if others fall under the low score there be viewed negatively and therefore considered to be abnormal. Physical examples can as well be taken into account, especially in terms of height or bag size. In other words manufacturers would produce products according to the statistical poesy that fall into the normal criteria.Psychologists do take an overall assumption of how psychical health, gender and farming issues are referred to statistically. Though they are several factors of psychical health problems, there many such as anxiety or depression which are st atistically considered to be normal human conditions whereas, if peerlessness is clinically disorganised with severe anxiety, or found to be clinically depressed can be described as someone with a noetic disorder which is abnormal in a statistical sense. In terms of gender, some psychologists have argued that males are less likely to mention their doctors when suffering from rational disorders, which makes the females score highly in statistical data. Bennett (1995) believed that this would be due to matters of socialisation especially in industrialised societies. In regards to culture Cohen (1988) gave a description of how Indian mental tolerants are highly discriminated, so this would leave many patients without seeking any clinically religious service for their mental disorders so this would lead to wrong statistical measures.Another definition would refer to those people whose behaviour is maladaptive or dangerous. This looks at the effects of the behaviour problems eithe r to the tumefybeing of an one-on-one or any social group. We have to remember that defining abnormality is usually limited by heathen differences. This instrument that what may be classed as normal in one culture could be defined as extremely abnormal in another and this limits the definitions accuracy in being able to define abnormality as a whole so the three definitions above do not consider cultural differences.The concept of abnormal can be brought to a conclusion by evaluating the above approaches as they all help society identify abnormalities in other individuals which helps promote an overall undecomposed living environment. For example, if an individual deviates from social norms, adequate help may be given to them as soon as their behaviour is detected from what is considered to be normal but on the other contact defining abnormality as deviation from social norms, can be employ to prune the removal of those people who are considered to be abnormal from society. Statistically, it has been found out that though statistical frequency or infrequency is important to the race it is not effective when applied to mental disorders, so this makes it difficult to instruct what is normal in the statistical sense.ANALYSE THE DIFFICULTIES INVOLVED IN analyse MENTAL ILLNESS AND DISCUSS THEIR USEFULLNESS.A neurological examination, which helps physicians identify morphological and psychiatric abnormality is usually carried out on patients with psychiatric disorders, and ulterior gives an misgiving of the wellbeing of the persons brain, mental function, nerves and muscles. Psychologists have unquestionable two classification systems that help classify abnormality into mental disorders and also cite them clinically. They are cognise as Diagnostic statistical Manual of intellectual Disorder (DSM) and the International Classification of The Ca engagements of affection and Health Related Problems (ICD). twain these systems classify abnormal patte rns of thinking, behaviour and emotion into mental disorderes.A substantial feature of the DSM classification is the 5-axis diagnostic system, which gives a systematic evaluation of the patient and then gives a full account on the general aesculapian condition of the patient or personality disorders, psychosocial and environment problems, as well as the level of functioning of the individual. The ICD on the on the other hand includes diagnoses for all the systems in the human body and is not popularly used in clinics as the DSM. Both classifications have the same e definition of mental disorders, so they both have their focus on the patients personal distress other than on what the rest of society react to any type of behaviour of the individual.The above classifications tend to be objective, but in society fear arises to the fact that those individuals who are classified and their families may be prejudiced against. The approach of classifications has been approved for its succes sfulness to the treatment of physical illnesses but not is found not to be very effective in treating mental disorders and this is because symptoms from those suffering with mental illnesses are usually subjective, meaning it is forever what they feel and this may be diverse between individuals. Psychiatrists and clinical psychologists have very limited information to assess the well being of an individual compared to those who treat physical illnesses, for they carry out extra laboratory examinations like x-rays and blood tests to find the symptoms and then diagnose the individual. This shows that cause of a disease in mental patients is partially known whereas in those patients with physical disorders causes are fully known.David Rosenhan (1973) carried out a study on eight people who were normal but complained of hearing voices, they were diagnosed with schizophrenia, so he argued that psychiatrists could only hope on their observation methods because they could not verify the patients symptoms. Therefore he pull a conclusion that psychiatric classification could be very inaccurate. Scheff (1966) also criticised the classification method in his gaugeling of theory. He argued that a psychiatric label to a patient may worsen their condition, because they might be set as though they are mentally ill.On the other hand, psychologists have found it advantageous, and insist that DSM classification has helped in terms of developing and under stand up the causes of mental illnesses in different patients. accord to Gelder et el. (1996), The use of classification can certainly be combined with consideration of a patients unique qualities, thus it is important to combine the two.Pg 648 Eysenck M, (2000) Psychology A Students Handbook, Psychology Press. According to ICD classification, 11 major categories can be identified for mental disorders. plainly they are found to be more general than those of DSM. Therefore, it has some consummation of reliability, but ve ry limited information on its validity.EVALUATE THE receipts OF DIFFERENT MODELS OF ABNORMAL BEHAVIOURThe puts of abnormality are theories that help to describe the cause of psychological disorders. There four exercises known as Biological, Psychodynamic, behavioural and Cognitive approaches, and each model has a distinct view which helps to digest extra research and treatment approaches as a result. However, psychologists have divide views in terms of analysing the disorders some believe that disorders must originate from psychological causes whilst others believe that the disorders could be based on biological causes. A apprise description and an evaluation is going to be looked at for both, Biomedical and Psychodynamic models and an blueprint of their usefulness will also be accounted for.Biological psychologists would explain that mental disorders are the consequences of biological systems due to the fact that, they regard abnormal behaviour in terms of abnormal biology. In fact the biological model is also known as the medical model because it categorises abnormality as a physical condition and it is the model that addresses mental disorder as an illness. Since it is see seen from the perspective of medicine, its concept for mental disorders, resemble that of physical illnesses, which means psychological disorders have under lying biological or biochemical causes. These are thought to arise from Infection by germs, inherited systemic defect, neurochemical factors and effects of trauma.The Psychodynamic model, was developed by Freud, though some of other psychologists changed some of its emphasis, most of the original assumption for this model is still actively used. Freud believed that reality are born with the id part of our personality and later on in life when people socialise into the moral standards of their culture then our superior ego is developed. Freud explained that a well adjusted person develops a unbendable ego and therefore able t o manage their personality.Although the biological approach is known to have fairly witnessed astonishing success in treating mental disorders with medicate cures, it has also been criticised for having its main focus on the symptoms and therefore whenever drugs are stopped, the symptoms harvest-feast which means the root of the problem is not being addressed. This approach tends to use classification systems such as DSM and ICD which have been doubted for their consistency and validity. Its scientific standing and links with medicine, the medical model is known to have gained popularity and credibility, but on the other hand danger of over diagnosis of mental illness and long dependency on drugs, which risks severe side effects, has also been addressed.The Psychodynamic model on the other hand has also been criticised for its validity, the fact that it carries out clinical interview and case studies for its experiments, it does not subject to scientific, empirical analysis. This means the of import forces of the brain are unconscious, therefore making it difficult to directly be observed. Its theory is referred to as deterministic because it finds childhood attachments to parents, in the very previous(predicate) stages is crucial for personality development. Apart from the above criticism, the model is identified as the origin of modern day cures..DESCRIBE AND EVALUATE THE MAIN APPROACHES TO THE sermon OF MENTAL ILLNESS.The biological model treats mental disorders as physical illnesses. corporal drugs such as minor and major tranquillizers or antidepressants are astray used. Chemotherapy is also regarded as effective and the main treatment of mental illnesses because of the assumption that chemical balance is the main cause of the problem. However, some psychologists have disagreed, and withdraw that the chemical imbalance to be the effect, rather than the cause of mental problems.For the Psychodynamic model, Freud developed a method of treatment call ed psychoanalysis, which is a type of therapy that seeks to uncover the vestigial causes of abnormal behaviour. The belief was that unresolved emotional conflicts from early childhood could be withdrawn, so by talking to bring out and work done unconscious conflicts would bring it out to the conscious level and therefore be dealt with accordingly. It is also believed within the psychodynamic theory, that the unconscious can be revealed in dreams, so analysis of dreams is one of the techniques used in the treatment of mental disorders in psychodynamic theory.DESCRIBE AND EVALUATE PRACTICAL AND ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS OF THERAPIES AND TREATMENTS