Charles Dicken’s A Tale of Two Cities - 1992 Words

Orison Swett Marden, an author known for his works in philosophy once wrote, â€Å"You will be modified, shaped, molded by your surroundings, by the character of the people with whom you come in contact†. Using these words, Marden summarizes what factors influence humans and shape how they turn out. A similar scenario appears in Charles Dicken’s A Tale of Two Cities, where two characters are initially driven by their love for different people, but soon turn into complete opposites. Madame DeFarge, fueled by love, turns evil, while Sydney Carton, a lazy alcoholic, takes charge of his life after being motivated by love. The factor that separates their paths is their surroundings: Madame DeFarge lives in France, while Sydney Carton†¦show more content†¦By strange stern ways, and through much staining of blood, those feet had come to meet that water† (3.14.376). Since she is one of them, she is already passionate about exterminating the nobility, but it also fits in well with her goal of exterminating the Evrà ©monde family. Hence, this revolution and her surroundings stop Madame DeFarge from recovering from her childhood and it serves as a constant opportunity that will allow her to exact revenge from her family. In addition, this revolution lets her love take the wrong direction. Mr. Carton, on the other hand, is impacted by his love for Lucie Manette in a big way because he goes from being a lazy alcoholic to a making a great sacrifice for those Lucie cares about. Sydney Carton initially describes himself by saying: I am a disappointed drudge, sir. I care for no man on earth, and no man on earth cares for me (2.4.70). He has no goals in life and is hopeless at a young age because he mostly wanders through streets, drunk and wasting his potential. However, this changes when he confronts Lucie about his love for her because he mends his ways and does something Lucie can remember him for. He tells her, crying and promising to change, that â€Å"O Miss Manette†¦when you see your own bright beauty springing up anew...think...there is a man who would give his life, to keep a life you love beside you!Show MoreRelatedDickens Interpretation Of The French Revolution786 Words   |  4 PagesEssay Prompt: In A Tale of Two Cities, how does Dickens’ descript ion of specific characters and their fate (2-3) illustrate his interpretation of the French Revolution? Evaluate this interpretation in light of other evidence drawn from course materials. Outline Intro: French Revolution: significance, etc. Tale of Two Cities: significance, shows British perspective, etc. First Paragraph: Marquis Was a nobleman in France Quotes from book to illustrate character (his past and present crimes againstRead MoreA Tale of Two Cities800 Words   |  4 Pages Charles Dickens characterizes the settings in his novel, â€Å"A Tale of Two Cities,† through indirect comparison and contrast between Paris and London during the French Revolution, a political and social upheaval from 1789–1799; â€Å"There was a king with a large jaw and a queen with a plain face on the throne of England; there was a king with a large jaw and a queen with a fair face on the throne of France. In both countries it was clearer than crystal to the lords of the State preserves of loaves andRead MoreAll Things Run Their Course1744 Words   |  7 Pageslifelines, Lachesis determines the length of each lifeline and Atropos clips the lifelines, condemning the bearer of the severed thread to death (- Greek Mythology). Charles Dickens manifests his belief in fate in the novel A Tale of Two Cities as an explanation for the inevitability of the French Revolution. The plot of A Tale of Two Cities revolves around the concept that the tension between social classes ineluctably causes the French Revolution. The first book Recalled to Life foreshadows the revolutionRead MoreAnalysis Of The Novel Tale Of Two Cities 947 Words   |  4 Pages In the novel Tale of Two Cities, author Charles Dickens defines character Madame Defarge’s symbolism of knitting as an expression of how it weaves its way in the themes of fate and duality. Throughout the novel Dickens uses knitting in a way of affecting other people’s lives, for instance, the Evremonde family, related blood Charles Darnay with wife Lucie, and their daughter. It affects especially in Lucie Manette’s character, for she is the one who knits the lives of all the characters with herRead MoreA Tale of Two Cities, by Charles Dickens1420 Words   |  6 Pagescitizens of French on their fellow countrymen set a gruesome scene in the cities and country sides of France. Charles Dickens uses a palate of storm, wine, and blood imagery in A Tale of Two Cities to paint exactly how tremendously brutal this period of time was. Dickens use of storm imagery throughout his novel illustrates to the reader the tremulous, fierce, and explosive time period in which the course of events takes place. Dicken’s use of illustrating storms throughout the novel serves the importantRead MoreThe Duality Of Light And Darkness1117 Words   |  5 PagesOn the Duality of Light and Darkness in A Tale of Two Cities The French revolution was filled with bloodshed as the people of France rebelled against the aristocracy. In every heroic struggle there’s always a darkside and Charles Dicken’s book. A Tale of Two Cities, exemplifies this dynamic. The novel attempts to shed light on the point of lives of the middle class of Paris’ and London’s as they’re trapped in the fighting fighting between the aristocracy and peasantry during the French RevolutionRead MoreThe Theme Of Revenge In A Tale Of Two Cities748 Words   |  3 Pagesafter their sister cleans the toilet with their toothbrush. As the saying goes, â€Å"Revenge is a dish best served cold†. In the novel, A Tale of Two Cities, Charles Dickens prolongs the theme of revenge, as it develops throughout the entirety of the novel. As tensions arose between the aristocrats and peasants, the French Revolution was born. Sixty years later, Charles Dickens addresses the war through through the stark revenge am ong the people, which is demonstrated by many characters. As the novelRead MoreLight And Dark Imagery Of London And Paris1768 Words   |  8 Pagesand social issues, as well as ethics during this turbulent era. The first line of A Tale of Two Cities is â€Å"It was the best of times, it was the worst of times†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (3) this suggests a distinction of the two cities, London and Paris. London was known for being the peaceful home of the main characters, however Paris was quite the opposite because of the vicious French Revolution. Within this dark imagery, Dicken’s gives the reader some tender moments with the loving and harmonious Lucie ManetteRead MoreSydney Carton Analysis920 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"The greatest sacrifice is when you sacrifice your own happiness for the sake off someone else† (Unknown). In Charles Dickens’s A Tale of Two Cities, Sydney Carton sacrifices his life for Charles Darnay, the husband of the woman he loves, Lucie Manette. He loves her so tenderly that he is willing to give his life for her happiness. Sydney Carton is a man who feels that he wasted his life and hes always drunk. He is not married but then he meets Dr. Manette’s daughter, Lucie Manette, and heRead MorePursuit of Revenge in a Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens892 Words   |  4 PagesBecause of the social and political ways of the aristocracy, tensions rose throughout France. This hostility between the peasants and the aristocrats started the French Revolution in 1789. Sixty years later, Charles Dickens wrote his novel, A Tale of Two Cities, in pieces. Dickens wonderfully portrays this war with his flawless imagery and reoccurring themes. One of his many themes throughout his novel is the theme of revenge. Dickens beautifully supports the theme of revenge through his clever symbols

The U.S. Border Patrol - 1104 Words

In 1924, the U.S. Border Patrol started its service for our nation. Although changes have affected nearly every aspect of its operations from its earliest days, the values; professionalism, honor, integrity, respect for human life, and a shared effort, helped shape the Border Patrol from the early years and they still remain the same today. Since the very beginning agents have been patrolling our borders, â€Å"Mounted watchmen of the U.S. Immigration Service patrolled the border in an effort to prevent illegal crossings as early as 1904† (Border Patrol History, web). The agent’s efforts were undertaken only when resources permitted. The inspectors were all out of El Paso, Texas, â€Å"Though they never totaled more than seventy-five, they patrolled as far west as California trying to restrict the flow of illegal Chinese immigration† (Border Patrol History, web). In 1915, Congress approved a separate group of Mounted Guards, often called Mounted Inspectors. Most rode on horseback, but a few operated cars and even boats. Although these inspectors had broader arrest authority, they still largely pursued Chinese immigrants trying to avoid the Chinese exclusion laws. The agents were immigrant inspectors, assigned to inspection stations, and could not watch the border at all times, â€Å"Texas Rangers were also often assigned to patrol duties by the state, and their efforts were noted as singularly effective† (Border Patrol History, web). Customs violations and intercepting communications toShow MoreRelatedEssay on Why should the U.S have border patrol?1611 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿United States Border Patrol: Why should the U.S have border patrol? Illegal immigrants have always been a problem in the United States for some time now. â€Å"In October 2008, the illegal immigrant population stood at 11.9 million according to the Pew Hispanic Center† (Illegal Immigration Facts Statistics†). An efficient border patrol in our country would be a good step in the right direction to stop illegal immigration and the effect it has on our country. Illegal immigrants are at fault for suchRead MorePhl 323 Code of Conduct1676 Words   |  7 PagesAlex Cardenas Code of Conduct The United States Border Patrol is a federal law enforcement agency and is one of the largest in the world. The purpose of the Border Patrol is to keep terrorists and the weapons terrorists use out of the nation’s borders. In addition, the Border Patrol also serves to ensure that international and trade is conducted in a lawful way (U.S. Department of Homeland Security, 2014). As a federal agency, the Border Patrol is under high public scrutiny. A federal agent thatRead MoreImmigration Act Of The Border1473 Words   |  6 PagesBorder Patrol began in 1904 when illegal crossings at the border were prevented by seventy five â€Å"mounted guards† who were given directives by the U.S immigration service to patrol the border (U.S. Customs and Border Protection, n.d). Patrols were, however, not consistent because of limited resources and little supervision. They attempted to prevent Chinese illegal migration as they patrolled along the border in California. However, from 1915, resources such as horses, cars and boats were added toRead MoreEssay United States Border Patrol1416 Words   |  6 PagesBorder Patrol The U.S. Border Patrol to me is very important to the United States of America and to me as well. Without the Border Patrol, America would be a goat standing in the middle of a wolf cage. The Border Patrol and their agents border the boundaries of America so we can be safe in our homes. People don’t realize how important any kind of law enforcement is, until the day that they need assistance comes. I don’t take our men and women who protect us Americans; it is something that not everyoneRead MoreBorder Patrol Essay1156 Words   |  5 Pages United States Border Patrol has been around since 1904 enforcing and regulating laws under the immigration and Nationality Act. U.S. border patrol is now under the Department of Homeland Security, which was created as a response to the attacks of September 11, 2001. Over the years, their jurisdiction and missions have changed to better protect the safety of nation. Although border patrol is a need for any nation, their extensive acceptations to constitutional laws can often be taken advantageRead MoreHomeland Security Chapter 9-10 Essay923 Words   |  4 Pagesattempts and successes at border patrol. Beginning with the U.S customs and Border Protection, the Border Patrol office has like many other agencies, merged with the DHS following 9/11. The reason is because the Border Patrol is now after 9/11 been concerned with the prevention of terrorist’s entry. The Border Patrol also merged with customs, which has a long history with border patrol. The CBP has been charged w ith guarding 7000 miles of U.S Land border. The Border patrol has been very concernedRead MoreMilitarization of the U.S. Essay1637 Words   |  7 PagesMilitarization of the U.S. Militarization of the U.S. -- Mexico Border By Joan J. Jaimes June 22, 2000  ¡Corranle, allà ­ viene la migra!, translated into English, this means Run, there comes immigration! This is what illegal immigrants shout everyday when they are about to cross the Rio Grande in search for better lives. Unfortunately, not many get through alive because of the militarization that has developed on the U.S. border with Mexico. Operation Rio Grande continues a process put inRead MoreThe Impact Of Immigration On The United States Essay931 Words   |  4 Pages Many People can speculate if the U.S.-Mexican border is truly a significant factor for our government’s safety or just there wasting money, time and land. By allowing the government to fund the border many improvements could be made. Border Safety, can create a safer border environment by facing the multiple Issues and Challenges, like illegal Immigration, Drug Enforcement, and cross-border Transportation, and Technological imp rovements by Homeland security influence the agents, trying to ceaseRead MoreThe Issue of Mass Illegal Immigration to the United States829 Words   |  3 PagesSince the 1700’s the U.S. has been working on and has implemented policies try to restrict and govern the immigrants entering this country. Many immigrants come to America looking for a better way of life than what was destined for them in their native lands. Prior to the events of 9/11, for nearly two decades, America welcomed immigrations to our country with open arms. After 9/11, America’s ideals begin to shift pertaining to immigrants, our nation’s safety, and border patrol. America was leftRead MoreBorder Security Through Technology and Manpower Essay1654 Words   |  7 PagesIt was reported in the San Antonio Express News that â€Å"Border-Patrolling Drones Would Call Texas Base Home.† Lynn Brezosky reported that â€Å"U.S. Customs and Border Protection Commissioner Alan Bersin cut the ribbon for the launch of the nation’s fourth base for operating border surveillance drones.† This is important in securing the U.S.-Mexico border, which the U.S. has an approximate 1,933 mile long border with Mexico (Beaver). Brezosky also reported that â€Å"the Homeland Security budget called for two

U.s. Department Of Justice - 958 Words

The Drug Enforcement Administration also referred to as the DEA is an agency within the United States that enforces federal law under the supervision of the U.S. department of Justice (United States Department of Justice, 2014). The DEA has several sole responsibilities; in congruency with mid level medical providers such as Nurse Practitioners (NP); it is the lead agency for domestic enforcement of the Controlled Substance Act with the sole responsibility of coordinating and pursuing U.S. drug investigations abroad (Baker Biederman, 2015). Within the DEA is a registration system in place that authorizes medical professionals, such as APRN’s to apply for authority, and if approved, will receive the jurisdiction to prescribe controlled substances as outlines by his or her board of nursing regulations (United States Department of Justice, 2014). As mentioned above, the practitioner applies for a DEA registration number through the administration agency; once approved, the prov ider will be assigned a DEA number by the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration allowing them to prescribe controlled substances while in his or her practice. I currently reside in the state of Kentucky, in which I plan on staying and practicing after graduation. Insights concerning Kentucky s law on collaboration were brought forth after research and speaking to my preceptor as well as her collaborating physician. Kentucky requires a collaborative practice agreement between the FNP and theShow MoreRelatedU.s. Department Of Justice Essay1670 Words   |  7 Pageswith mental health are the one that will be hurt. The Atlanta Journal-Constitution found that 130 patients at state-run hospitals had died under questionable circumstances over the course of seven years. That is when the feds stepped in. U.S. Department of Justice looked into the conditions of Georgia’s mental hospitals. What federal investigators found was that patients in Georgia facilities were dying or committing suicide at alarming rates. What is worse, the feds said, is that those incidentsRead MoreU.s. Department Of The Criminal Justice Field1691 Words   |  7 Pagesstarted researching anything that is related to the criminal justice field. A key factor that helped me determined what should the topic of my map focus on was the notion that I live in a border town that is next to Mexico. Eventually, I decided to do a map that will focus at a state level on the territories within Mexico that transnational criminal organizations have a dominant influence. According to the U.S. Department of Justice National Drug Intelligence Center, drug cartels can be defineRead MoreAntitrust Laws And The Antitrust Division Of The U.s. Department Of Justice1464 Words   |  6 Pages Antitrust laws are a collection of laws and regulations, put into place over time, to help govern the competiveness of large corporations. Enforced by the Federal Trade Commission and the Antitrust Division of the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) (â€Å"Antitrust Laws,† 2003), the laws help regulate ethical behavior between businesses to ensure that smaller businesses can compete with the bigger name corporations. Mergers and monopolies come into play and greatly affect how these businesses runRead MoreEssay on Gang Reduction Program1407 Words   |  6 Pagesgrowing number of youth gangs the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP), a branch of the U.S. Department of Justice, initiated the Gang Reduction Program (GRP) (U.S. Departmen t of Justice 2008). The formation of gangs is seen as a response to system failures and community dysfunction. As a result, one of OJJPD’s anti-gang initiatives is to make communities safer and have a pro-social environment (U.S. Department of Justice 2008). Furthermore, OJJDP plans to provide economicRead MoreDismissal Of U. S. Attorney Case Study1004 Words   |  5 PagesDismissal of U.S. Attorney December 7,2006, George W. Bush Department of justice gave midterm unprecedented midterm dismissal of seven U.S. Attorneys. Charges were that some attorneys were aimed for dismissal to hurdle investigation of republican politicians. Even targeted for their failure to begin investigation which results that Democratic politicians and hurdle Democratic leaning voters. The attorney was changed with interim appointees, under the re-authorization of 2005 USA PATRIOT Act provisionRead MoreThe Violence Against Women Act914 Words   |  4 Pagesbefore its enactment on September 13, 1994, the foundation for the Violence Against Women Act was being constructed. More than 140 years ago, members of the U.S. government were working to end the injustice of violence against women when, in 1871, Alabama was the first state to make it illegal for a man to beat his wife (U.S. Department of Justice, 2010). In 1967, one of the first domestic violence shelters in the country opened its doors in Maine; an d from that time until 1994, progress slowly butRead MoreThe Foreign Corrupt Practices Act654 Words   |  3 Pagesof 1988 and Amendments of 1998 have tremendous ramifications for U.S. multinational companies at large, their subsidiaries, and foreign partners.   While the main purpose of the original policy was to make it â€Å"unlawful to bribe foreign government officials to obtain or retain business†, the many statutes, their exceptions, and enforcement have gone through several iterations and most recently expanded jurisdiction of the law to non-U.S. territories.   In bribery cases, several conditions involving theRead MoreOrganized Crime and Youth Gangs824 Words   |  3 PagesMafia), Camorra (Neapolitan Mafia), Calabrian (Calabria Mafia), and the Sacra Corona Unita (United Sacred Crown based in the Puglia region) (FBI, n.d.b). Of these, the American La Cosa Nostra has been the most successful organized crime group in the U.S. and over the decades has severed contr olling ties with Sicily. The American La Cosa Nostra is involved primarily in drug trafficking, money laundering, and various other racketeering crimes, and operates on an international level across North and SouthRead MoreA Report on the Need of Improved Communication in the Criminal Justice System736 Words   |  3 PagesCriminal Justice Integration: The criminal justice system forms vital part of Americas democratic system of government as it helps preserve the peaceful and orderly functioning of society. It serves to balance the protection and security of the overall community and the preservation of the civil liberties and freedoms of individuals. It also provides justice both for criminals and victims of crimes by ensuring offenders are tried and prosecuted through a fair trial. This is important as one ofRead MoreThe Department Of Alcohol, Tobacco, And Firearms1036 Words   |  5 PagesFor our third assignment for Criminal Justices we must answer questions about the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms, U.S. Marshals Service, and U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration. We must answer the following question: What are the mission or goal of these agencies? When were they established? Briefly discuss each of the agencies history. Discuss some of the difference between these agencies. The first agency is called the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms. The mission for the ATF

Classic Study Essays - 2051 Words

Classic studies in psychology are not worthy of the term — all such studies are vastly over-rated. Discuss. Classic studies are well known in the world and widely discussed by psychologists, journalists, politicians and public (Smith amp; Haslam, 2012). Being labeled as â€Å"classic studies†, the most important feature is that those studies can address fundamental questions of human behavior, for instance, it explains the obedience of human beings and empathy of humanity (Devine amp; Brodish, 2003). The findings explain the most common phenomenon and always challenged what people assumed about human behaviour and proved with experimental results (Smith amp; Haslam, 2012). There is no doubt that those studies had a massive contribution to†¦show more content†¦Little Albert’s was chosen because of his strong emotional stability and researches think his personality could be â€Å"relatively little harm by carrying out such experiments†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Wastson amp; Rayner, 1920, p. 3). However, from psychologists’ point of view, his emotional reaction was far from mild and experimenters did not put effort to comfort him (Smith amp; Haslam, 2012). Although the principles of classical conditioning are useful in treatment of phobias and even medical implications, it is questioned whether its worth to cause harm to the subject in order to complete the study. The unethical research method of classic studies brings potential damages to the participants (Russell amp; Purcell, 2009). The ignorance of such damages overrates the experimental result and conclusion. Studies should be morally and ethically grounded. In addition, classic experiments often carry out in an artificial laboratory environment in which causing low validity and confound the†¬. The tight control over the experiment may lead not be able to generalize the results into real life situation or replicable. In this case, such studies may mislead people and it is not worth to be focused. In the study of Asch (1951), a group of eight individuals (7 confederates and 1 naà ¯ve participant) sat in a room and they were asked which of three unequal vertical lines matched the given one. The study has low validity ecological validity as it was carried out under controlledShow MoreRelatedEssay Case Study Classic Watch647 Words   |  3 Pages1-2) After analyzing the structure of the Classic Watch Co, we have come to a conclusion, that the company is product oriented. The founder of the company Harry Brainch used to develop his product and then to find consumers. According to the case, he is quite a conservative person, who prefer s old-fashioned business techniques. Twenty years ago, customers were less choosy and they were happy to have a product that is good value for money. In that case, Harry Brainchs strategy fitted really wellRead MoreEssay on Classic Knitwear Case Study1005 Words   |  5 Pages‘Classic Knitwear and Guardian: A perfect fit?’– Case Analysis This Document analyses the Long Term Marketing strategy and Financial impact of the Classic Knitwear’s decision to launch a new line of insect repellent clothes in collaboration with Guardian Company. Group 2: Abhishek Magdum, Ganesh Babu, Gariki Ajay Kumar, Hari Balaji VS, Ritika Arora, Shubhangi Sudhakaran 5C analysis: 1. Company: ï‚ · Classic Knitwear, a publicly traded company operates in the $24.5 billionRead MoreClassic Study in Social Psychology Essay example1176 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Classic Study in Social Psychology Erica Mariscal Vigil PSYCH/620 Diana Wheatley 04/14/14 Classic Study in Social Psychology The bystander effect is associated with the phenomenon, which states that when a larger amount of people are present, the less likely people are to help a person in need of assistance. When an emergency occurs, people are more likely to help when there are little or no other people. A summary about this study as well as an explanation of the results andRead More HW2 Case Studies Classic Executive V2 4 Essay6307 Words   |  26 Pagesï » ¿HOMEWORK2 (40 Points) SELECTED CASE STUDIES ANALYSIS This document has three short case studies that are considered classic. They are older but have timeless lessons. In addition, the case studies at the end of chapters 2 3 of your textbook are good. Deliverable: Read these case studies carefully and develop a short report (2-3 pages) to discuss the key lessons learned from each and the similarities/differences between the case studies. It is best to use a table of the following formatRead MoreNorthern Humanist Essay1154 Words   |  5 Pagesintellectuals.   Somewhat oddly, the study of the ancient classics was valued, but not thought to have much relevance in solving their current issues. Thus those who were attracted to the new learning tended to be those who were simply curious rather than those who were dedicated to discovering through the study of the classics new means of dealing with social and personal problems. (Wilcox) For the North, there was too much rhetoric that came from the study of the ancients and their discoursesRead MoreThe Punishment of Probation- A Proposed Solution to the Prison Overcrowding Problem in England885 Words   |  4 Pagesoffender has served their sentence in prison or not at all. Within this essay, the focus will be to explain if the probation service is either soft or a hard option whilst covering three concepts to see what extent this is a true representation of community penalties. The three concepts which will be critically analysed will be history of prisons, prison population and the media’s perception of probation. At the end of this essay it will hopefully conclude whether probation is either a soft or hardRead MoreA View Of The Fallingwater House1193 Words   |  5 PagesPerez, Adelyn. AD Classics: Fallingwater House/Frank Lloyd Wright.ArchDaily Broadcasting Architecture Worldwide 14 (2010). Available at: http://www.archdaily.com/60022/ad-classics-fallingwater-frank-lloyd-wright â€Å"A view of the Fallingwater House† This essay paper studies the nature of scholarly research in architectural history by reviewing and analyzing the article â€Å"AD Classics: Fallingwater House/Frank Lloyd Wright† by Adelyn Perez on the Arch Daily website. This essay also gives furtherRead MoreAnalysis Of Ezra Pound s 1146 Words   |  5 Pagesand Pound’s imitation of Propertius and its limitation and the paper concludes with comments on the successful elements in the poem that made it stand over time despite the virulent attacks from the Classicists. William Hale, a Professor of Classic at the University of Chicago, was the first to reject the poem. In a letter to the editor, Hale listed several translation errors that he thought were necessary to address. Hale’s accusation of Pound’s ignorance of Latin was based on the ground thatRead MoreThe Naturalist Known as Theodore Dresier Essay1214 Words   |  5 PagesDreiser Throughout history there has been many great authors that have created even greater works, and some people refer to these as classics. However, what truly makes an authors’ work a classic? â€Å"The idea of a classic implies something that has continuance and consistence, and which produces unity and tradition, and transmits itself, and endures.† â€Å"A true classic, is an author who has expressed his thought, and who has spoken to all in his own peculiar style† (Hutchins). Theodore Dreiser is theRead MoreDeveloping a Motivational Plan Essay1324 Words   |  6 PagesDeveloping a Motivational Plan Essay Victoria Webb Grand Canyon University Educational Leadership in a Changing World - EDA 575 February 12, 2011 Developing a Motivational Plan Essay Motivation is the key to the success to any organization. â€Å"Human relation thinkers see the terms motivation and behavior as closely related because human behavior occurs as a result of motivation† (Razik Swanson, 2010, p. 108). Motivating people to work harder, give of themselves 100%, encouraging the employees

Ethical Issues to Be Considered When Marketing Prescription Drugs Assignment

Essays on Ethical Issues to Be Considered When Marketing Prescription Drugs Assignment The paper â€Å"Ethical Issues to Be Considered When Marketing Prescription Drugs" is a meaningful example of an assignment on ethics. Is direct to consumer (DTC) advertising of drugs considered ethical? What facts could be supplied to help you make your decision?DTC or direct to consumer advertisement of prescription drugs can be considered to be ethical. This is mainly because the advertisements are thought to consider various emotional considerations like fear, shame, embarrassment, vulnerability, helplessness, vanity, romantic inferiority and the social problems that consumers may be experiencing (Mullner, 2005). The advertisements are considered ethical since they help in addressing the different conditions that consumers suffer from which range from erectile dysfunctions, anxiety, depressions and panic attacks (Case study, 2010). In addition, they provide vital information to the consumers, respect their choices while encouraging many of them to seek medical assistance (Moore Murray, 2009). They are also considered as unethical by various critics who suggest that their placements are inappropriate. This is because they are done in areas that are visible to the young people within the society. For instance, the case study suggests that they are placed in televisions during sporting events that are high profile or at some point in their prime time shows (2010).What Ethical Issues Should Be Considered When Marketing Prescription Drugs?When marketing prescription drugs, there are many ethical issues that should be considered which include their side effects on the consumers, the young children watching the adverts and the community at large (Moore Murray, 2009). The advertisements placed in the media should be informative, encouraging to the consumers who are reluctant to go for medical attention and address the real issues affecting the health of the public (Hartman DesJardins, 2007). The marketing strategies applied when advertising prescription drugs s hould aim at decreasing any dangerous side effects that could harm society and increase the competition within the pharmaceutical industry (Mullner, 2005). They should additionally stipulate what they are actually meant to do and how they should be utilized for the purpose of solving their consumer’s problems. The advertisements should additionally advise the medical practitioners involved in how to properly prescribe the drugs and make follow-ups on their patient’s recovery (Moore Murray, 2009)What Are The Costs And Benefits Of Marketing Prescription Drugs Directly To Physicians?The costs involved in the marketing of prescription drugs include the rise in pharmaceutical costs which in turn leads to increases in the costs of health care services. Other additional costs that are involved include the increases in the prices of the pharmaceutical products that are increased by the manufacturers due to the costs they incur (Mullner, 2005). The companies manufacturing pres cription drugs have to incur costs in order to teach therapists how to prescribe the drugs and make follow-ups on their patients. Due to the large costs incurred when advertising the drugs, the manufacturers most likely lose their savings and end up making losses on the drugs that they are inventing and are unknown to the public (Hartman DesJardins, 2007). However, many benefits have been associated with the marketing of prescription drugs which include addressing of issues related to public health and increase the efficiency of the pharmaceutical industry (Moore Murray, 2009). In addition, the marketing of prescription drugs enables the consumers to acquire vital information on drugs they had no prior information of (Hartman DesJardins, 2007). It also benefits the manufacturers by increasing the efficiency within the industry through stiffer competition. The consumers directly benefit from the increase in the variety of drugs at their disposal in addition to their choices being respected (Mullner, 2005).

Audit and Assuranace Global Financial Crises

Question: Discuss about the Audit and Assuranace Global Financial Crises. Answer: Introduction In this report, discussion on the global financial crises has been undertaken so as to aware one of the partner of Chartered Accountants firm i.e. Sally Smith. In every accounting scandal or financial crises situation Chartered Accountants or auditors had some role to play. Financial crises are the situation under which debt of business organisation becomes unrecoverable from estate of business organisation. In this report, discussion of Lehman Brothers accounting scandal that had brought financial crises globally has been discussed. What part those auditors of Lehman Brothers i.e. Earnest Young had played has been analysed and discussed. What are possible or potential liabilities that auditors of such business organisation shall possess were discussed in this report. This report has layers in terms of analysing potential liabilities of auditors because of financial crises that had taken place because of global financial crises. Discussion area of this report is Lehman Brothers scan dal, roles of auditors in that scandal and what are different potential liabilities that auditors shall possess because of these accounting scandals were analyse (Jinh Chang, 2012). Body Context Financial crises can be defined as the situation under which demand for funds is much higher than its availability or its supply. In this situation financial cost of debt funds or equity funds raises high and this will slowly evaporate available funds with the business organisation. Financial crises is the situation under which liquidity in the business organisation will get negatively impacted and investors are egger to pullback their investments from business entity (Lopatta and Kaspereit, 2014). When big firm get liquidated and faces financial crises that impacts global financial market and global equity market as a whole. Then this situation is defined as global financial crises. Global financial crises can be witnessed from the collapse or liquidation of Lehman Brothers in the United States. Many experts has defined that main point that triggers financial crises is the point when assets or resources of the nation is overvalued and traded at overvalued prise (Appelbaum et al., 20 12). When price of resources start to decline and when it reaches to its actual price then situation of financial crises starts. Global financial crises (Case background) Lehman Brother has started business operations as investment bank in the United States. With the new policy regime in United States related to housing and real estate has boomed the economy. Economy of United States was enjoyed booming period in terms of high purchasing power with individuals and low debt rate in financial market. It has started when housing prises reached to sky because of United States policy that support housing for everyone (McDonald and Miller Hillis, 2016). During the booming period, many individuals have purchased houses and properties because of low housing rates. But after some time, as real estate sector starts to boom, housing prices has reached to great level. In what of higher sales revenue and higher capacity to raise more funds, Lehman Brothers has frogged its financial statements (Burkhanov, 2011). They had shown loans and debt as secured loan against house property of individuals that are mortgaged with bank. Therefore they are able to reflect these debt or loans in the sales revenue and this has ultimately raised profitability of Lehman Brothers (Norgren, 2010). After some time Lehman Brothers become leading lender of debt or as reported highest sales revenue. On the basis of higher profitability, Lehman Brothers is able to procure more debt from debt market. Investment from different investors also been increased in business operations of Lehman Brothers and they had become highly financial leveraged banking company. After some time, speculation activities has started in the real estate sector in United States and this has lead to decline side of property value. After some time, prices of overvalued assets or properties / housing sector has start decline. Likewise sales revenue starts declining and same has affected profitability of the Lehman Brothers (Ciro, 2016). Lehman Brothers has obtained funds from debt market and equity market therefore they had to repay funds. Lehman Brothers are not able to repay their debt and equity investment or returns. After decline in the real estate sector, many customers or borrowers of Lehman Brothers has defaulted in repaying their debt and defaulted. This has created liquidation issue in business operations of Lehman Brothers and started defaulting at more phase. During the issue of liquidation in the business operations of Lehman Brothers their debt has been increased and their asset value is less (Ex-Lehman Brothers boss breaks silence on global financial crisis, 2015). At that point of time, Lehman Brothers has $ 639 billion debt and $ 319 billion as assets. Therefore Lehman Brothers has suffered losses in terms of their liquid asset availability (Walker, 2010). Roles that auditors play in global financial crises Financial statement includes statements that reflect financial position and financial performance of the business organisation during the reporting period. There are mainly three types of financial statements i.e. balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement. In case of accounting scandals, auditors plays vital role in the same. Auditing is the process of systematic analysis of financial statements of the business organisation. Audit process includes checking, verifying and vouching of books of accounts (Lu et al., 2015). This has proved to be most important aspect of auditing and auditors can understand and detect misrepresentation or forge in the financial statements. In case of accounting scandals or any other sandals has occurred because of negligence or involvement of auditors. During the period of liquidation of Lehman Brothers, Earnest Young is the external auditor which has found guilty of negligence (Bigus, 2016). Auditors have to act in best interest of stakeholders and mainly towards investors of the business organisation. Auditor shall implement professional scepticism while conducting audit procedures so as to ensure themselves about the correctness of the financial statements. In case of Lehman Brothers collapse, auditors have not applied professional scepticism while conducting audit and therefore are not able to detect flaws in financial statements. On the other hand, auditors are involved in fraudulent activities and making accounting fraud in the Lehman Brothers. Since responsibility of auditors is to analyse business situation or business operations of the business organisation or client. Stakeholders or proposed stakeholders of the business organisation rely on audited financial statements of the business organisation. Before taking any decision related to investment in the business organisation, audited financial statements are analysed. In case of Lehman Brothers case, Earnest Young has played important role in supporting financial crises in business operations of Lehman Brothers (Bigus, 2011). In most of the cases, auditors plays important role in supporting such scandals by neglecting or suppressing accounting frauds and because of their inability to detect fraud in financial statements. Role of auditor while auditing is to analyse and evaluate real business situation or condition of the business organisation. Another role of auditor in Lehman Brothers case is to check each and every of aspect of business operations (Schelluch and Gay, 2006). Since it has been analysed that, Lehman Brothers has misrepresented loan or debt obtained as sales revenues and Earnest Young (external auditor) is not able to detect the same. After some period of time, Earnest Young has proved to be guilty of negligence or guilty of professional misconduct. Therefore it can be concluded that auditors had played important role in supporting accounting scandals (Holm and Laursen, 2007). Potential liabilities of auditors in global financial crises The case of Lehman Brothers throws light on many issues which were proved as the main reason for the Global financial crisis. One of the major reasons behind the Global financial crisis is the breach of duties by the Auditors. An auditor is required to follow certain functions while performing his duties. These functions include checking and verifying the financial statements, taking care of the internal controls, taking care of the investors of the organisation and fulfilling the operations for which they are appointed. The auditors are required to check all the financial statements and books of accounts and then analyse the actual position of the business (Sikka, 2009). Lehman brothers adopted such accounting measures which displayed their better position in the market, which was actually not that good. It is found that Lehman brothers were in such a terrible condition that it was not possible for them to survive in the market but still auditors Ernst Young concealed these facts. The communication between the internal and external auditors was not good which lead to such disastrous situation of the bankruptcy of the organisation. Ernst Young was responsible for disclosing the fair and honest view on the financial statements of the company (Holm et al., 2012). The auditors are liable for following situations: Breach of contract Providing wrong opinions on audit When audit standards are not followed (Pal, 2010). The auditors have different liabilities like civil liability and criminal liability. These abilities are exercised when following situations takes place: When auditor does not take proper care in the audit of the company When the investors face loss because of the auditors breach of duties When an auditor gets engaged in the fraudulent activities with intention. When auditor has misrepresented the financial statements of the business In case of Lehman Brothers collapse, Earnest Young had concealed some facts that are material for the stakeholders to use in their decision making process. In both cases, i.e. whether deliberate or undeliberate act of Earnest Young (auditor) has failed to detect the same shortcomings in financial statements, Earnest Young has some liabilities towards different stakeholders. As stated above, there are two types of liabilities that auditors has on the basis of loss and nature of fraud conducted. After the collapse Lehman Brothers and involvement of auditor in such fraud has put auditors in answerable state to many stakeholders. Liabilities of auditors are not limited to investors of the business organisation but there it has been extended towards creditors of the business organisation, government or regulatory bodies and public at large. After the collapse of Lehman Brothers, auditors are exposed to customers and public. There are some conditions that are to be fulfilled in order to make auditors liable for the professional misconduct or involvement in fraudulent activities. Following are some conditions that are to be fulfilled: There is loss to the investors or stakeholder in the whole transaction Financial statements includes some material misstatement or financial statements are misrepresented Last condition is that, investors or other stakeholders had relayed on audited financial statements and have taken decision on the basis of information as reflected by financial statements. Auditors are expected to disclose any fraud or wrong methods followed in the companies they audit. But Ernst Young did not disclose any of the facts which led to the downfall of Lehman brothers which ultimately brought a global financial crisis. In some of the cases, the auditors do not disclose fraudulent activities carried on in the company and this is the case where the auditor is held liable for breaching their professional principles (Pal, 2010). Limited liability partnerships are beginning to form after the case of Collapse of Lehman brothers. Here two auditors are involved in the audit activities of the bigger companies which reduce the chances of fraud. The International Auditing Standards are required to be followed by the auditors in order to be true and fair (Solaiman, 2006). As per the study conducted in Australia, auditors have higher risk and pressure now while conducting audits. They also have the fear of the loss of goodwill. The collapse of Lehman brothers and the global financial crisis is a lesson for the audit firms. After the incident, the audit firms make strategies and try to avoid the audits of those companies which have doubtful financial transactions and books of accounts. Auditors have become more responsible for presenting their true and fair opinion on the books of accounts of the firms (Xu, et al., 2013). Conclusion It can be concluded that point of incidence of global financial crises is the point where Lehman Brothers declared themselves as insolvent. Insolvency of Lehman Brothers has crashed stock market globally and both equity market and debt market had falls. Introduction of governments housing policy in United States had raised property prices in United States. This had provided people an advantage to take more debt by mortgaging property whose value in recent time had declined. On the other hand, Lehman Brothers had converted loan or debt given to people as its sales revenue and has been taking funds from equity and debt market. By frogging or misrepresenting their financial statements, Lehman Brothers had obtained huge debt. When property prices fallen down, then Lehman Brothers faces real problem of defaulting customers. At that period of time, Earnest Young is the auditor of Lehman Brothers is not able to detect such fraud conducted. Therefore this has raised questions on auditors al so that because of their negligence of duty investors have face default issue. Therefore it has provided base for setting potential liabilities on auditors. It can be concluded that there are two types of liabilities of auditor that has emerged after the emergence of Lehman Brothers case. Civil liabilities and criminal liabilities are two liabilities that auditor can face as a result of Lehman Brothers case. Recommendation This is to ensure that the report presented above is free from any material misstatement and the data provided in the report are to the best of the information provided to the auditors and the same can be relied upon. A few points that are to be focused upon and should be considered for recommendation are as under: The auditors should keep in mind the independency that which means that the observations which are given by them should not be influenced because of any benefit that might be received. There should be no benefit involved in the business organisation. The agreement which is binding on both the parties i.e. the auditor and the business organisation should be properly drafted keeping in mind the proper terms and conditions that are required for a proper audit. The same should be read and understood in the same way by both the parties. Development and maintenance of audit committee shall be followed on mandatory basis for each and every business organisation. Roles and responsibilities of audit committee shall be defined and followed by business organisation. Another recommendation for the business organisation is to perform audit on joint basis i.e. joint audit shall be promoted. Joint audit for audit purpose shall be promoted as in case of joint audit, audits are required to confirm at single conclusion, and then only audit opinion will be given. Internal auditing functions shall be more accurate and shall be conducted on more detailed manner. Internal control system of business organisation shall be thoroughly checked by auditor and there shall be separate section in the audit report for comments on the same (Simpson et al., 2016). References Appelbaum, S.H., Keller, S., Alvarez, H. Bdard, C. 2012, "Organizational crisis: lessons from Lehman Brothers and Paulson Company",International Journal of Commerce and Management,vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 286-305. Bigus, J. 2011, "Auditors liability with overcompensation and reputation losses", OR Spectrum, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 287-307. Bigus, J. 2016, "Optimism and auditor liability", Accounting and Business Research, vol. 46, no. 6, pp. 577-600. Burkhanov, U. 2011, "The Big Failure: Lehman Brothers Effects On Global Markets",European Journal of Business and Economics,vol. 2. Ciro, T. 2016;2012;, The Global Financial Crisis: Triggers, Responses and Aftermath, Routledge Ltd. Ex-Lehman Brothers boss breaks silence on global financial crisis, 2015, , News Limited, Southport, Qld. Holm, C. Laursen, P.B. 2007, "Risk and Control Developments in Corporate Governance: changing the role of the external auditor?", Corporate Governance: An International Review, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 322-333. Holm, C., Langsted, L.B. Seehausen, J. 2012, "Establishing Proactive Auditor Responsibilities in Relation to Fraud: The Role of the Courts and Professional Bodies in Denmark", International Journal of Auditing, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 79. Jinh Chang, H. 2012, "The updated criteria for global investment after the collapse of Lehman Brothers",AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT,vol. 6, no. 35, pp. 9841. Lopatta, K. Kaspereit, T. 2014, "The World Capital Markets' Perception of Sustainability and the Impact of the Financial Crisis",Journal of Business Ethics,vol. 122, no. 3, pp. 475. Lu, Y., Mitchell, F. Pong, C. 2015, "Capital verification and auditor liability: evidence from China", Managerial Auditing Journal, vol. 30, no. 6/7, pp. 657-680. McDonald, O. Miller Hillis , J. 2016,Lehman Brothers,Manchester University Press, S.l. Norgren, C., 2010, The Causes of the Global Financial Crisis and Their Implications for Supreme Audit Institutions, Riksrevisionen. Pal, T. (2010). THE IMPACT OF THE ECONOMIC CRISIS ON AUDITING. Retrieved 01 17, 2017, from https://www.matarka.hu/koz/ISSN_1588-6735/GTK_vol_8_no_1_2010_eng/ISSN_1588-6735_GTK_vol_8_no1_2010_eng_131-142.pdf Schelluch, P. Gay, G. 2006, "Assurance provided by auditors reports on prospective financial information: implications for the expectation gap", Accounting and Finance, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 653-676. Sikka, P. (2009). Financial Crisis and the Silence of Auditors. accounting organisations and Society . Simpson, S.N.Y., Aboagye-Otchere, F. Lovi, R. 2016, "Internal auditing and assurance of corporate social responsibility reports and disclosures: perspectives of some internal auditors in Ghana", Social Responsibility Journal, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 706-718. Solaiman, S.M. 2006, "The Enron collapse and criminal liabilities of auditors and lawyers for defective prospectuses in the United States, Australia and Canada: a review", Journal of Law and Commerce, vol. 26, no. 1-2, pp. 81. Walker, K. 2010, "Historical Perspectives on Economic Crises and Health", The Historical Journal, vol. 53, no. 2, pp. 477-494. Xu, Y., Carson, E., Fargher, N. Jiang, L. 2013;2011;, "Responses by Australian auditors to the global financial crisis",Accounting Finance,vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 301-338.

Kraft Foods free essay sample

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