M&A in India in Past Few Years Essay Example for Free

MA in India in Past Few Years EssayAbstractThe demonstrate of spinal fusions and attainments has gained substantial importance in todays embodied world. This process is extensively used for restructuring the business governances. In India, the design of mergers and acquisitions was initiated by the government bodies. Some well known financial organizations also took the necessary initiatives to restructure the corporate arena of India by adopting the mergers and acquisitions policies. The Indian economic reform since 1991 has opened up a whole plentifulness of challenges both in the domestic and international spheres. The increased competition in the global food market has prompted the Indian companies to go for mergers and acquisitions as an important strategic choice. The trends of mergers and acquisitions in India accept changed over the years. The immediate effects of the mergers and acquisitions have also been diverse across the various sectors of the Indian econ omy.Till recent past, the incidence of Indian entrepreneurs getting foreign enterprises was not so common. The situation has undergone a sea change in the last couple on of years. acquirement of foreign companies by the Indian businesses has been the latest trend in the Indian corporate sector. The Indian IT and ITES sectors have already proved their potential in the global market. The new(prenominal) Indian sectors ar also avocation the same trend. The increased participation of the Indian companies in the global corporate sector has advance facilitated the merger and acquisition activities in India.The various factors that played their parts in facilitating the mergers and acquisitions in India be flourishing government policies, buoyancy in economy, additional liquidity in the corporate sector, and dynamic attitudes of the Indian entrepreneurs are the key factors behind the changing trends of mergers and acquisitions in India. Even though mergers and acquisitions (MA) h ave been an important element of corporate strategy all over the globe for several decades, research on MAs has not been able to take into account conclusive evidence on whether they enhance efficiency or destroy wealth. There is thus an ongoing global debate on the effects of MAs on firms. This article seeks to explore the trends and progress in MAs India.electronic copy available at http//ssrn.com/abstract=1618272MERGER ACQUISITION IN INDIA AN ANALYTICAL STUDYThe contrive mergers and acquisitions (abbreviated MA) refers to the aspect of corporate strategy, corporate finance and management dealing with the buying, selling and combining of different companies that stub aid, finance, or help a enkindleing beau monde in a given industry grow rapidly without having to create another business entity. In business or economics a merger is a combination of cardinal companies into one larger company. Such actions are commonly voluntary and view stock swap or cash payment to the targ et. Stock swap is often used as it allows the shareholders of the two companies to share the risk involved in the deal. A merger pot resemble a takeover but result in a new company name (often combining the name of the original companies) and in new branding in some cases, terming the combination a merger sort of than an acquisition is done purely for political or marketing reasons.Mergers may be broadly sort in (i) Horizontal mergers A situation when two or more merging companies manufacture sympathetic product in the same industry. (ii) Vertical mergers A situation when two or more merging companies work at different stages of manufacture of a same product. (iii) Conglomerate mergers A situation when two or more merging companies operate in different industries. The word acquisition, also known as a takeover or a buyout, is the buying of one company (the target) by another. An acquisition may be friendly or hostile. In the former case, the companies cooperate in negotiations in the latter(prenominal) case, the takeover target is unwilling to be bought or the targets board has no prior knowledge of the offer.Acquisition usually refers to a purchase of a smaller firm by a larger one. Sometimes, however, a smaller firm will acquire management control of a larger or weeklong established company and keep its name for the have entity. This is known as a reverse takeover. some other type of acquisition is reverse merger, a deal that enables a private company to get publically listed in a short time period. A reverse merger occurs when a private company that has strong prospects and is eager to raise financing buys a publicly listed shell company, usually one with no business and limited assets.Electronic copy available at http//ssrn.com/abstract=1618272Reasons for Merger and Acquisition operating(a) synergies The uniting of two firms improve productivity or cut costs so that the unlevered cash flows of the combined firm exceed the combined unlevered cash flows of the individual firm A vertical merger surrounded by a supplier and a customer, eliminates various coordination and bargaining problems A horizontal merger between competitors, produces a less competitive product market and cost savings from combining RD facilities and sales forces Financial synergies study and incentive problems may cause cashstarved firms to pass up positive NPV projects, but cash-rich firms to overinvest in negative NPV projects Conglomerates can use internal capital markets to transfer currency from negative NPV projects to positive NPV projects Enhance the flexibility of the organization Reduces bankruptcy riskObjectives In this article an attempt has been made (i) To examine the front of trends and progress of MAs in Indian corporation. (ii) To analyze year-wise and industry-wise variance in number and amount of MA deals. Hypotheses To cover the above objectives following hypotheses have been formulated 1. There is no square difference in nu mber and amount of MA deals in between years and between industries. 2. There is no significant difference between MA progress in manufacturing and service sector industry-wise Trends of MAsThe industry-wise trends in number and amount of MA deals between 2000 and 2007 are presented in the Table 1 and Table 2 and the industry-wise trends and progress of MAs have been analysed on this basis fodder and Beverages India is the worlds second largest producer of aliment next to China, and has the potential of being the biggest with the food and agricultural sector. The Indian food market is estimated at over US$ 182 billion, and accounts for active two thirds of the total Indian retail market. harmonise to industry experts, the market for carbonated drinks in India is worth US$ 1.5 billion while the juice and juice-based drinks market accounts for US$ 0.25 billion. Growing at a rate of 25 per cent, the fruitdrinks category is one of the fastest ripening in the beverages market. The In dian food processing industry plays a significant role in diversifaction of cultivation products, generates employment, enhances income of farmers and creates a surplus for export of agro-foods. The important reason of the MA activity initiated in this industry are deregulation, restructuring disinvestment, restructuring by parent companies and presence of foreign players.Textiles Industry Until the economic liberalization of Indian economy, the India Textile Industry was predominantly unorganized industry. The opening up of Indian economy post 1990s led to a stupendous harvest-home of this industry. India Textile Industry is one of the largest textile industries in the world. Today, Indian economy is by and large dependent on textile manufacturing and exports. India earns around 27% of the foreign exchange from exports of textiles. Further, India Textile Industry contributes about 14% of the total industrial production of India.Furthermore, its contribution to the gross domestic product of India is around 3% only. Textile Industry involves around 35 tarryion workers directly and it accounts for 21% of the total employment generated in the economy. However the important reasons for the MAs in these sectors are harvest-tide of power looms and handlooms sector at the cost of mill sector which has ultimately resulted in making them sick and unviable. This has led to an increase in the closure of mill around in addition, continued and persistent use of old plant and machinery has led to low profitableness in the mill sector and thereby forcing some of mills to closedowns.Chemicals, Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Under this category companies operating in the industrial groups of chemicals, drugs, pharmaceutical, cosmetics petrochemicals and rubbers have been taken into account for analyzing the trend and progress. The drug pharmaceutical industry in India meets around 70% of the countrys demand for bulk drugs, drug intermediates, pharmaceutical formulations, che micals, tablets, capsules, orals and injectibles. There are about 250 large Pharmaceuticals manufacturers and suppliers and about 8000 modest Scale Pharmaceutical Drug Units which form the core of the pharmaceutical industry in India (including 5 rally Public Sector Units). These bulk drugs and pharmaceuticals manufacturers produce the complete range of pharmaceutical formulations i.e. medicines ready for consumption by patients and about 350 bulk drugs i.e. chemicals having therapeutic value and used for production of pharmaceutical formulations.Owing to a significant increase in Pharmaceuticals exports, Indias USD 3.1 billion pharmaceutical industries are growing at the rate of 14 percentage per year. It is one of the largest and most advanced among the developing countries. Even the number of pharmaceuticals exporters, manufacturers and suppliers is increasing tremendously, the factors that contributed to increase in MA activity in these sectors are Introduction of the proces s Patent Act in 1970, which required Indian companies to recognize international process patents. This has given an opportunity for the Indian companies to grow. This growth is associated with MAs and the emergence of WTO has brought about ingrained changes in the pharmaceutical industry. Trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights (TRIPS) of WTO require all Indian companies to comply with international patents. This has principally happened in the form of MAs.Nonmetallic Mineral Products In this sector, cement and ceramics manufacturers are the primary players. The factors responsible for MAs are before 1999 cement industry faced many problems like liquidity crisis, inadequate expenditure on infrastructure and costs of inputs. South-east Asian crisis brought narrowed profitability resulting to the bigger players withstanding the pressure of lower profitability and smaller and marginal players closing down or merging with big players and trying to appear sociable for a takeover. National Quadrilateral Road Project and State Government Policies to construct the irrigation projects could be other factors responsible for this boom.Basic Metal, Alloy and Steel This is one of the oldest and traditional industry sectors in India. Companies operating in metals, alloy, steel and related concerns are grouped under this head. The factors contributing to MAs in this sector are deceleration of the economy during the year 1996-97, the capital markets, remaining depressed for the past couple of years, drying up sources of investment funds for industry, small and medium corporate finding it difficult to access institutional funds and export growth subjected to competitive pressure from imports.Information Technology and Telecom Companies operating in the IT, Software, telecom and convergence sector are clubbed in industry, the central government has formed an independent department of information technology. Since the removal of restrictions on foreign capital investment and industrial de-licensing, Indias Telecom industry has shown large growth The grave factors for increasing MAs in this sector are Consistent efforts were made by the department of telecom and its instalment organizations for upgrading and expanding the telecom networks and services and the Initiation of internet and web based developments and introduction of cell phone in India.Automobiles and Automobile Ancillaries Companies operating in railway carmobile sector, locomotives, entrance and spares have been included under this head. The Indian transport industry has been gradually playing a catalytic role for producing a wide variety of vehicles, rider cars. Important factors responsible for an increase in MAs in this sector are Globilalization is pushing global auto majors to consolidate, to upgrade technology, enlarge product range, access new markets and to cut costs.Competitive pressure and presence of global players have resulted in a number of MAs in this sector .Energy, Power, Gas and Oil Companies operating in the field of energy, power, gas and oil are included in this group. Important factors responsible for an increase in MAs in this sector are, low rate of growth in power generation depressed the growth rate of industrial production and has necessitated immediate attention of big companies like Reliance Industries and due to inaccessibility of power and frequent disruptions have given an impetus to MAs in this sector..