Popular Music and Its Use in Propaganda Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Popular Music and Its Use in Propaganda - Essay ExampleThe reflectivity was also conveyed that pictures of violence are prominent in song descriptions especially for the rock genre. The report was purportedly to show the destructive repercussion of popular medicine on the juveniles. (Musics Deadly Influence. August 3, 1999. CWA Concerned Women for America. internet). some other paper says that on a daily average, two and a half hours are being pass by teenagers listening to music more than half of which containing allusions to drugs and alcohol. (Parker-Pope, Tara. Under the Influence of...Music February 5, 2008. The New York Times. internet).How popular music sways the human individual was once explained by the philosopher and composer Theodor W. Adorno in that mass habitual listening first results into the airwave being first perceived, then recognized and finally accepted. That cycle finally ends singly in word meaning and becomes a way of everyday life. It was on this premi ses that Adorno, together with his friend Max Horkheimer, the likewise a philosopher, strongly argued against the aspect of popular music having the tendency to be used for propaganda purposes. (Adorno, Theodor W. assisted by George Simpson. surmise ab protrude the listener. Institute of Social Research. New York. 1941. soundscapes.infor internet).Music is admittedly universal and is estimated to get started its development as early as fifty thousand years ago in Africa and must have undergone many evolutions as generations come and go. (History of classical music traditions. Wikipedia. internet). Naturally, genres and styles likewise crop up and fizzle out. Music itself in general could have already been used in announcements, declarations and in other forms of communications for thousands of years, that is, even earlier the emergence of pop culture. Known is the fact that music has been historically linked with political and social activities, including dynamics in expression s such as those pertaining to anti-war themes, patriotic songs and other varieties of delivering a message. In these instances, since the object is the people, the song or music must be one readily acceptable by the masses. (Music and politics. Wikipedia. internet). In the specific illustration of popular music, if indeed it is a valuable tool for propaganda, then its use for that purpose must have already traversed the period from the middle of the 1950s or even before and up to the present. Presidential abidedidates in the get together States of America have oftentimes used well-known songs in their political campaign or propaganda. The themes can vary from political platform or planned programs of government to direct or subtle office assassination against the adversaries. Music in politics has been used even during the time of George Washington, the first president, whose supporters had flutes blown out while rejoicing when the general was unanimously nominated. John Adams a nd Thomas Jefferson had also their campaign songs, ironically placid by the same talent, in the election of 1800. Eisenhower, Franklin Roosevelt and John Quincy Adams likewise had their own. William Henry Harrison famously campaigned with the song authorise Tippercanoe and Tyler, Too he had other songs for his political advertising one of which attacked Martin Van Buren as someone like Satan. Franklin Roosevelt

Social Welfare Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Social Wel farawaye - Essay ExampleThis situation is especially terrifying because social aid is supposed(a) to help people who get into troubles, but when social workers dont trust you it feels like the whole man is against you and you have no control of society. The most surprising thing in this entire situation is that Barbara Ann got support where it wasnt expected at all - from homeless people. It turns out that those who are already living in intemperate conditions of constant surviving are more likely to be helpful and supportive than those who are supposed to provide you with help, according to their civil responsibilities. Actually, the fact that representatives of the societys so-called misfits are more humane than the societys supporting helping makes me suspicious about my safety. The life circumstances of Barbara Ann are totally complicated and tragic, but as far as there happened to appear the people who believed in her story and helped her, there is a chance for her to correct her life some

To what degree should the Decalogue ( Ten Commandments ) be followed Essay

To what degree should the Decalogue ( ecstasy Commandments ) be followed by Amer. Christians - Essay Exampleommandments impose trustworthy spiritual and moral obligations upon the believers as well as to arrive at the conclusion whether or non they still should guide a life of the unexampled Testament Christians in modern America.The Exodus presents Ten Commandments as instructions by the divinity fudge to His chosen people, the people of Israel, which they should follow due to the fact that God brought them out of Egypt, out of land slavery (Exodus The New International adaption 202). These Commandments may be viewed as covering several inter-relating aras of concernThe worship of One God (Exodus The New International Version 203-7). The issues that are addressed here include the prohibition of veneration of images of bodies both earthly and ethereal (204-6), of the misuse of the Divine Name in public and private conversations (207), and maintenance of the Sabbath as the ho ly twenty-four hours reminding the believers of the rest taken by God on the seventh day of the CreationThe issues of public police force and order (Exodus The New International Version 2013-17). These include such Commandments as the prohibition of execution (2013), adultery (2014), robbery and theft (2015), false testimony (2016), as well as the desire towards the another(prenominal)s property in general (2017).In Deuteronomy, some further clarifications on this matter are given, with Moses emphasizing the prophetic and divine nature of his act of receiving of the tablets with Commandments (Deuteronomy 522 The New International Version). Moses reiterates the Commandments, composition the text of Deuteronomy places still further emphasis on God delivering the Israelites from the Egyptian slavery as the effort they should be grateful to Him, and observe His Commandments (Arnold & Beyer, 2008, p.143).Having analyzed the Commandments and the act of their giving, one should now r eview the attitude that the New Testament Christians should exhibit towards them. The nature of the majority of the Commandments is such that they are

Medicare and Medicaid Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Medic ar and Medicaid - prove ExampleA state sets its own eligibility standards. Qualifying for eligibility depends upon age, pregnancy and disability status, citizenship, and other assets. The state includes individuals who bump federally assisted income-maintenance payments and who do non receive cash payments. Medicaid focuses on the group who needs the outer(prenominal) assistance due to financial instability. Federal poverty line level (FDL) determines the families who will receive the Medicaid program. However, not all the poor benefit from or receive the Medicaid program. Among poor groups in America, about 60% are not covered by the Medicaid program. Under the Medicaid, the state makes an agreement with the Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs) to pay the wellness care providers and reimbursed Medicaid expenditures from the Federal Government. All Medicaid beneficiaries are exempted from copayments for emergency services and family planning services and exclude big(pr edicate) women, children under age 18, and hospital or nursing home patients. On the other hand, Medicare is a social, health insurance program intended for the elderly and disabled Americans. Medicare has four parts. Part A and B necessitate with hospital insurance while part C and D deal with prescription drugs.

Social Learning Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Social acquisition Theory - audition ExampleOne of the key assumptions of Bandura was that the environment of a person creates his or behavior therefore if it is incumbent to improve the behavior of the individuals, it is critical that the environment must be improved or constructive to grant people to learn controlling traits. The social learning theory from the criminology perspective has largely been developed by Akers , Burgess as well as the work of Sutherland. An associated concept with this theory is also the concept of differential coefficient association theory which suggests that flagitious behaviors could be learned through interactions with others. The implementation of a new insurance change by the Anytowns department therefore whitethorn be a step towards ensuring that the children be not exposed to the abusive behaviors and their learning should take place in more healthy and positive environment. The decision to separate children from the abusive parents or c aretakers therefore whitethorn be seen from different perspectives as it may be better action however could lead to different ethical and moral implications withal. Moral and good Implications A society comprises of different individual units and family is one of the most significant units in any effrontery society. According to Social learning theorists, people tend to learn the moral behaviors over the period of while therefore children specially see their parents as models for what is right and wrong. As such the overall development of a childs moral and ethical perspectives is firmly connected with their parents and guardians. What is also important to understand that when children buzz off as adults and have to require their own moral judgments they often rely on the values... Social Learning TheoryIt is however, critical that the learning through this interaction may also have different wallops on the children also. However, this move may also point out certain importa nt ethical and moral implications too if the policy is implemented. One of the key questions which could therefore be raised may be based upon the air that the families and parents may lose their control over their children as well as the children may be capable on others for their overall development. Apart from assessing the moral and ethical implications of the proposed policy change, this paper will also make an assessment of the effect on those who are involved and will be implicated under this change. The impact on the society as a whole as well as the family as a unit will also be discussed and explored in this paper. Before discussing the moral and ethical implications of this policy change, it is important to provide a theoretical background of Social Learning Theory. This is also important due to the position that department has made a reference to this theory as an academic argument in favour of this policy change. The decision to implement a new policy change to prot ect children from the abusive and criminal behavior of their parents may be considered as a better decision by the department. Though children may face the issues like identity as well as role he is forced to carry however, if children are provided better opportunities to be groomed as positive and more constructive citizens, this action may be considered as effective.

Equality Legislation in the Labour Market Essay

equivalence Legislation in the Labour Market - Essay ExampleWe know that par Legislation plays a vital role for the success of any organization. We need equality in the labour market ascribable to the advantages it provides to the employee as well as the organization on the whole. We would look at few of the General Equality Legislation that exists in Scotland and see as to how it benefits the organizations.As from 6th April 2003, subject to regulations, parents and others (such as guardians) who are creditworthy for looking after children aged under 6 (or under 18 if the child is disabled) have the sanctioned right to ensure that requests they make for flexible flexing arrangements (such as part-time work or work at home) are taken seriously by their employers. The request must be to enable the employee to headache for the child and an important condition is that the employee must have been employed in his job for at least(prenominal) 6 months to be eligible. (See source 2 fo r the knowing the source of this legislation.)These regulations introduced new rights for part-time workers. Two amendments came into result on 1st October 2002. These cover Comparators (Regulation 2) and Access to Occupational Pension Schemes (Regulation 8(8).The part-time workers regulations ensure that Britains part-timers are non treated less favorably than comparable full-timers in their terms and conditions, unless it is specifically justified. This means that part-timers are entitled, for example, to at that place is no neeThe like hourly rate of pay The same access to company pension schemes The same entitlements to annual leave and maternity / parental leave on a pro rata basis, The same entitlement to contractual sick pay, and No less favorable treatment in access to training(See source 2 for knowing the source of this legislation)Advantages of partime workersEffective labour tool for managing costsIn the last decade the perseverance has expanded to offer employees for office, industrial, technical, medical, and engineering fields.There is no need for extra fringe benefits as in January of 1985 Federal civil service regulations were changed to permit the Office of Personnel Management (OPM) to hire temporary workers for up to 4 years without providing fringe benefits. Part-time employees can be an excellent staffing option for small or young businesses, due to the potential for flexibility and the relatively low cost. Part-time workers necessarily work few hours, so will cost less in wages. In addition, part-time employees typically do not qualify for company-sponsored benefits. Sample Equality Legislation 3Equal Treatment

Logistics Management. Supplier Evaluation at EADS Company Case Study

Logistics Management. Supplier Evaluation at EADS Company - chemise Study ExampleThe company recorded a sales volume of approximately 30 billion, a figure only dwarfed by its biggest competitor in the aerospace market, which recorded approximately 40 billion value of sales. Other competitors followed closely with sales averaging between 10 billion to 20 billion. Most of the companys sales came from Europe and North America and therefore the company intended on making adjustments to alter sales in the Asian and South American regions.The companys main clientele comprised of major airlines around the globe. These airlines employed the business strategy of increasing purchases in order to get price reductions establish on traded volumes. The nature of the aerospace industry was such that value addition on merchandise was capped at between 25%-35%. Therefore, the organizations that were tasked with supplying these products formed an integral part in developing competitive advantages for EADS and other companies in the industry. They additionally became a potential advantage for reducing expenses and risk besides enhancing revenues.Suppliers in the Aerospace manufactureThe nature of the aerospace industry demanded that suppliers provide goods and merchandise of the highest select. The goods needed to be durable, and had to meet some specific quality requirements.

Literature Search Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Literature Search - Assignment ExampleTotman J You only have one take chances to get it right A quantitative study of relatives experiences of caring at home for a family penis with terminal cancer Palliative Medicine 2015, SAGE Publications Ltd, Olivers Yard, 55 City Road, London EC1Y 1SP, fall in Kingdom.This is a framework approach quantitative study utilizing semi-structured interview, exploring the emotional challenges home portion outgivers faces in the provision of moderating care. It examines the challenges the relatives under(a)goes as they manage the pain of the terminally ill patients in London city. The study analyzes care slips consistently with emphasis on the pain scale rating of the patients change throughout the home care period. each the explore approaches the study from the patient perspective rather than the care provider perspective.Based on the research done in Ontario provides insight to pain management as an ethical obligation for palliative care prov iders. The focus of the study is the patients with HIV and AIDS. It incorporates 126 patients and strictly focuses the care from the patient view of the quality of life at the end of care issues. It also explores to the receiving adequate pain management as a measure to reference of life.The researcher utilizes the knowledge that old people form the largest pool of people receiving palliative care therefore looks at the dosages of various drugs that comfortable relieves pain among the older people. He uses quantitative research to evaluate the prescription criteria of the medicines that patients receive attributed in the palliative care. In this, the researcher concentrates on both experimental and non-experimental research to valuate the usage of morphine as a main drug in geriatric pain control. focusing the research on the people from three geriatric homes, he explores the risk of over dosage and under

Maximizing Assessment Practice through Domains, Technology, and Assignment

Maximizing Assessment Practice through Domains, Technology, and Partnerships - Assignment recitationFrom this paper it is clear that the field of operation also includes the non-verbal communication skills. The language skills developed by children help them fetch themselves as well as understand other people as they interact with them. In the estimate of the social skills of a learner, the teacher studies how the children view themselves in relation to others. In this assessment, the teacher studies how the child relates to their peers and adults in their environment. This may involve how well they pretend friendships, behave and fair on as part of a team, the development of their individuality and how they act in response to the feelings of other people. This study discusses that the way children relate to others is a reflection of how they view themselves. As children develop a healthy self-esteem, they develop meaningful social relationships with others. As a teacher, it is necessary to determine how well a learner can do things for themselves. It breeds a form of independence that is necessary for the development of a child. This involves testing some basic skills such as using the toilet, eating, how well the child can clean themselves among others. Children learn some level of independence if they are remaining to do some basic things by themselves. This independence is important for the children as they grow towards adulthood. This is a domain of learning that is related to how well a child can coordinate their body parts to do something meaningful. This involves crawling, walking and running.

Essay on Process Improvement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

On help Improvement - Essay ExampleFollowing a lengthy process, the enlisting process conducted by TS takes likewise long resulting in some interested candidates getting taken away by other companies. at bottom the framework of the company itself, some employees appear very dissatisfied with the run rendered by the company. The level of foreplay appear to be dwindling among the employees of Talent Seek, reaching levels of failing to cooperate with the newly appointed autobus of the Business Analysis and Improvement team. Objectives of the progression process The purposes of playing a process benefit overwhelm identifying the processes that require improvement, analyzing the identified processes, and finally implementing the desired changes aimed at improving the processes. The processes reviewed for improvement ought to present a ascendable impact on the customer satisfaction or competitive advantage. While numerous reasons exist, for implementing process improvement, the pillow slip of Talent Seek would mainly aim at improving customer satisfaction with the services offered. The improvement of customer satisfaction, required by the company, remains reducing the time taken to complete requested recruitments. This distance appears to cause some qualified candidates to lose interest in the employment opportunities offered. Reducing the duration, therefore, remains of the essence(p) to the overall improvement of the process and ensuring the recruitment of the best candidates within the specify job market. The improvements Disconnects could be define as elements that appear to inhibit the efficient and proper functioning of a process (Rummler, 1996). They form the al-Qaida upon which improvements should target, as handling disconnects improves the entire process. Proper handling of the prevalent disconnects remains essential in ensuring improvement of the entire process. Within the TS recruitment process, majority of the delays result from processe s considered protocol within the company. Majority of these protocol stages could be eliminated in order to quicken the process, hence improvement of the operations. In the preparation stages of the process, the client-end managers could be handed the confinement of determining terms and conditions for the various vacancies. This would efficiently cut the consultation period utilized when the TS team determines the terms, and the client-end managers shake to counter-check before the process can proceed. A cost effective method for implementing such changes would be charging for the services of drawing conditions and terms. Companies willing to have conditions determined by TS would pay for the service, effectively the TS Company would cater for the remunerations of the individuals performing the job through these payments, while making a profit. Within the recruitment process, TS could limit the duties performed by the recruitment panelists. The roles of the panelists could be red uced to only conducting the vis-a-vis interviews. The aspect of having the panelists review the applications could be done away with as it only consumes time. Since panelists must be sourced once applications have been received, the roles played by these individuals need to remain lessen to reduce the duration. The role of the panelist in the actual recruitment ought to remain limited to conducting the interview, on the specified period. Being expatriates, retaining panelists for long periods could prove costly to the recruiting company. In managing the costs

Career Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Career Planning - strive ExampleThe duties of a Market Researcher almost match with my work interests. The job is almost solely about dealing with data. This involves planning, control, implementation, reports, and analysis. To be specific, it involves the study of what people buy, require, think, and do. And the findings of such study usually help companies to localise the factors affecting product demand and also the potential markets of the firm. I am genuinely good at studying the client related topics and also advising the related people about making use of the enquiry findings. I am aware of the possible challenges associated with meeting this plan. I arrive at studied Accounting and finance as main subjects but if I want to concentrate on the Marketing field, I commence to develop qualities uniform good communication skill, awareness of the in style(p) trends, and also should be familiar with the latest technologies. Minimum knowledge in psychology is also needed while handling the issues of different people. I admit that my knowledge and experience with regard to HR and consumer behaviour is incomplete or unsatisfying and consequently I give have to face more challenges. When I started working in the banking field, I could discern that I had much more to learn and expertise in marketing strategy. I am current that my MSc in Strategic Marketing from the worlds most renowned institution will make me capable of addressing all the challenges in my profession. Generally, the academic and cultural heritage of an institution determines the level of maintenance it can provide for the overall development of its students. I admire the Imperial Colleges great legacy of 100 years of teaching. Since the college specializes in most prominent areas such as Science, Engineering, Medicine and Business, it has contributed so legion(predicate) legends to the world include Nobel Prize winners, great scientists, world famous designers, actors and poets. I woul d like to stick to the same(p) profession improving myself day by day. I am aware that the letter carrier progression in Market Research depends on adepts merits and experience. With regard to my long term plan, I would like to attain the post of Account Director of a well established firm in UK. Since my carrier started in the banking sector, I am willing to choose my long term carrier in the rattling sector. I believe that the post of an Account director will help me utilize my full potential. In todays business environment, launching the right product in the right time and at the right place is a key factor to the success of a company. It requires accurate forecasting, which is evidently one of the responsibilities of the accounting director. Another responsibility of the faculty is to ensure return on e very(prenominal) investment, which is possible entirely by maintaining strict budgeting controls. It depends on the competency of an accounting manger if a firm can have its own unique way of business development. A company can develop its own clean-cut way of marketing only if the accounting manger and his crew are innovative and adaptive. This task lies betwixt the planning session and the ultimate feedback on retail reality. Admittedly, my goal of achieving my desired designation is not very easy. It requires several skills. In the case of my short term plan as a Market Researcher, I must develop an analytical mind along with thorough knowledge in statistics, psychology, and behavioural science. A market researcher

Death of a journalist Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Death of a journalist - Essay ExampleDuring the actual fighting phase of the 1991 Gulf War for the liberation of capital of Kuwait no journalists were killed, but in the ensuing days four freelance journalists were killed. In 2002 during the action in Afghanistan eight journalists were killed within a short span of two-weeks, and at single point in this warfare the media related casualties were higher than the actual military casualties. This trend of high journalist causalities was carried into the war in Iraq, where in the four weeks of fighting fifteen journalists lost their lives. Some may pick up died through accidents, but the commodious majority of them were killed during combat action. (1)1Commenting on these deaths of journalists, the Chief Executive of the World Association of Newspapers (WAN), is reported to have state in October this year, Journalism today is more dangerous than ever. More than 500 journalists have been killed in the knightly decade, often for simply doing their jobs. The recent years have seen the up trend in journalists being killed plot of land doing their jobs continuing. In 2004 seventy-two journalists lost their lives, while in the field. Till the first week of October 2006, seventy-five journalists have been killed, making it the worst year in this regard for journalists, and confirming the rising trend of journalists killed in their beginning of duty. (2)The Iraq War, and the subsequent situation there has proved to be the killing fields of many a journalist. The situation of the journalists in Iraq is reflective of the nature of the grave risks that they face in their line of duty. Working in a war zone has always been fraught with dangers that emanate from the battles that occur there. In addition to that journalists in Iraq similarly face the danger of being hunted down and killed, just because they may be suspected of cooperating with one of the combatant forces, or because of their religious, or political affili ations. This

Final Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Final - Research Paper ExampleErik Erikson and his Psychosocial Theory Erikson was viewed to be the most substantial individual to have contributed in intentional some of the developments in the early years of a soldierys life. Such evidential developments coincide, not just now with the physical state of man being sensed as a toddler or an self-aggrandising, but also with the ability of the toddler or the adult to think and act based on what a toddler, or an adult thinks. He believed that in either action man makes corresponds to an inert thinking, which was influenced by some events that had happened in the onetime(prenominal) and the culture where one belongs (Berk, 2006, p. 18 Douvan, 1997, p. 15). A prominent psychoanalyst just like Erikson, Sigmund Freud was the one who first initiated the whole idea into a study and made a point that such developments were basically driven by ones hidden and innate pleasures that are then guided with the rationality of thinking when one becomes mature, and also by the so-called conscience being the mans highest thinking capability (Berk, 2006, p. 17). Consequently, Eriksons psychosocial theory emerged when he intently thought that although Freud was correct with his notion about motivating the occurrence of mans significant developments, those motivating factors Freud had pointed out, for Erikson, are not enough. Erikson, in his theory, had stressed the presence of a positive motivation, coining that it is not just the mans sense of right or wrong, or his/her innate pleasures as a dash for changes to occur, but an individual is driven to change because everyone must contribute something to the society (Berk, 2006, p. 18). The Strengths and Limitation of Psychosocial Theory universe psychoanalytic in nature, psychosocial theory suggests that to know two contrasting ideas present in every point in time of mans development and identify which of the ideas are suited to the person, based on some past events, can actually determine possible reasons why a person is acting that way or is thinking such, a strength powerful enough for a society to understand the people that it comprises (Berk, 2006, p. 19 Capps, 2012, p. 270). If Freud had identified a gradual change from birth to adolescence, it was Erikson who had pointed out such observation of Freud until the old age, making Erikson the first one to pinpoint the lifespan of man (Berk, 2006, p. 18). To know what one has felt when he/she was dormant a baby and predict the feeling when he/she gets old are part of the process of showing ones lifespan, another strength noteworthy to be inculcated in the hearts of people since knowing how one had lived life can lead to improving oneself. With the theorys strengths come also its limitations. tally to many authors (e.g. Cairns, 1998 Thomas, 2000 Westen & Gabbard, 1999) who have proven the point of Berk (2006), Eriksons theory is limited to only identifying the value, i.e., choosing whether a pers on had demonstrated initiative in carrying out a task when he/she was a toddler or had been guilty towards the task, and is vague for individuals who are interested in psychoanalysis to assess the stated values through experiments (p. 19). It is also not reliable in terms of getting numerical data (Prelinger & Zimet,

Hobbes and Lockes Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Hobbes and Lockes - Term Paper ExampleThis contribution compares and contrasts Hobbes and Locke political theories on the nature of consent and contracts, where they have similar beliefs be pee-pee they both think that consent is essential to signifier valid contracts. Hobbes and Locke share similar views on why consent and contracts are ask to hump with the State of Nature. Consent means that mass are willing to leave the State of Nature to form a accomplished society that will serve communal needs and interests. Hobbes asserts that a covenant is needed to create a civil society that evades the State of Nature. He employs several terms to explain the roles of citizens and the sovereignty in civil society. He uses the understanding of consent in relation to the status of the Sovereign as an Artificial Person by showing, that, by public consent, someone becomes an Artificial Person that has greater condition than a natural person. Hobbes describes a person as someone ... ... Hobbes argues that the Secondary State of Nature so-and-so allow the making of a valid contract because it concerns obligations and includes God as the source of enforcing power of laws exclusively therefore that can be done between two men not subject to well-behaved Power is to put one another to swear by the God he feareth. Because of their belief in God, they can agree on making and following a contract. Apart from fear of the State of War, Hobbes keep open that people have to bemuse consent to create contracts. He notes that the covenant binds people upon their recognition of the Common-wealth I Authorize and give up my Right of Governing myself, to this Man, or to this Assembly of men, on this condition, that thou give up thy Right to him, and Authorize all his Actions in like manner. People do not take to be completely alienated from each other despite the State of War, so it becomes relevant for them to impart authority on the Common-wealth as a binding Covenant. Thei r consent allows them to produce a Commonwealth and to deal their Sovereign ruler. Likewise, Locke believes that people consent to the social contract first before it becomes valid, and like Hobbes, he notes that people do not want a State of War, so they want to enter a civil society. Hobbes and Locke agree that consent is needed to form valid contracts and that when people are coerced to form contracts, these contracts are invalid. Hobbes says The cause of Feare, which maketh such a Covenant invalid, must be alwayes something arising after the Covenant made. Locke confirms that consent must not be forced, or else, the contract is voided. Locke further believes that consent can be tacit or press however, consent must be express to fully participate in the government. He stresses that

The cask of amontillado Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The cask of amontillado - Essay Examplejealousy and pride are two of the most basic human traits that it oftentimes drives a person to get rid of as an act of revenge upon the person whom one feels has bested him, as in the case of Montresor and the unfortunately named Fortunato. As indicated in the opening statement of the story The thousand injuries of Fortunato I had borne as I best could, entirely when he ventured upon insult I vowed revenge. (Poe 743). Within the context of the story, we can see that Montresor feels that Fortunato has made a rag of him many times and has thus, hurt his pride often. Reaching his tipping point, he then vows to exact revenge upon Fortunato, though he is unsure of whether his desire to kill the other is based upon jealousy or revenge.Montresor proves to be a master of mind games as he successfully uses reverse psychology in order to broaden to entice Fortunato towards the deep catacombs where his death awaited him. He appealed to the vanity and pride of Fortunato in order to get wind the success of his plans. This leads the reader to conclude that Montresor has a perverse mind that simply wanted to do Fortunato foreboding(a) harm even though he had non done anything within the storyline to deserve such(prenominal) a fate.Yet towards the end, we see that Montresor still has some control over his mental faculties as he senses guilt and remorse over what he has done to Fortunato. A man whom he knows truly has not done anything wrong to him except to be better than him in certain ways. Thus we see a man, psychologically conflicted and unable to deal with the results of his actions in his

Twelve Angry Men Intros Essay Example for Free

12 Angry Men Intros EssaySet in the summer of 1957, Reginald Roses play, Twelve Angry Men, highlights the importance of speaking out for what is right. Rose demonstrates through characterisation that prejudice and preconceptions can entomb the truth. From the inception, Rose presents a biased instrument panel who is convinced of the boys guilt based on preconceived notions. merely it is through juror 8, that Rose advocates that exclusivelyice and fairness can prevail over prejudice if just one virtuous person is willing to speak out. Juror 8 is depicted as the effigy of a fair and conscientious juror who is prepared to stand alone in order to view a fair verdict is delivered. Although the other jurors initially lacked equity, they discover their inner voice through Juror 8 and are able to deliver a legitimate verdict. Twelve Angry Men demonstrates the flunk of the jury system. Do you agree? Reginald Roses play,Twelve Angry Men, highlights not only the fragility of the ju ry system, but alike its strength. Rose presents to the auditory modality that it is more by luck than legal support that the accused was acquitted, therefore implying that the jury system is flawed. Initially Rose presents a biased jury who is convinced of the boys guilt based on preconceived notions.This emphasises a major flaw of the jury system, being that prejudice can obscure the truth. In addition, the jurors votes are also influenced heavily by their own private backgrounds. This is evident in Juror 3 and 10 especially. However it is through Juror 8s virtuous motives of finding a reasonable doubt that ensured a just verdict was delivered. Juror 8 was the only person able to look past personal prejudices from the beginning, and through perseverance was able to guide other fellow jurors to deliberate honestly and thoughtfully. Thus, Rose shows the audience that the jury system is capable of securing justice.

Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been Essay Example for Free

Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been EssayWhere Are You Going, Where Have You Been? is a short story create verb every last(predicate)y by Joyce Carol Oates. On the sur nerve the narrative is fairly generic. The plot follows a 15 category old girl named Connie who is a typical teen sh every last(predicate)ow, and self consumed. She spends her days at the m every(prenominal), get a lineing to the radio, and son watching. However, it soon becomes clear that this story has a very dark undertone. Joyce Carol Oates has commented that this short story is a realistic allegory and that she uses characters in the narrative to represent abstract ideas. A common theme in much of Oates work is her belief that the 20th century is pithually empty.That people give up no spirit of their own and therefore are easily influenced and harmed. In Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? Oates creates the character of Arnold booster station to be the antagonist (Davis). He is intense and powerful, and as the story continues he is standardised a dark decided cloud that weighs heavy on Connie and the reader. Arnold Friend is the physical embodiment of the devil and his omnipotence allows him to discern and abuse Connies insecurities for his own uses. It is through Arnold that Connie goes from innocence to experienced.Connie is a young girl just beginning to experience braggy things. Her interest in boys is limited until she sees Arnold. Arnold Friend does not exist. He appears only to Connie, and Connie is the only person who sees him. At no point in the story is he acknowledged by any character in the story. Even his Friend Ellie makes no response to Arnold comments which Arnold excuses away by saying hes shy. Any conversation they have with each other seems disjointed and incoherent. Connie first sees Arnold one dark when Connie and her friend cross the lastway to go to the burger joint (Davis).The burger joint is a trendy hangout for a much older crowd. It is only Connie who sees Arnold Connie couldnt help but let her eyes wander over the windshields and faces all around her, her face gleaming with a joy that had nothing to do with Eddie or even this attitude it might have been the music, and just at that moment she happened to glance at a face a few feet from hers (2). Oates also describes Arnolds car as a convertible jalopy multi-color gold (2), and later in the story Connie easily recognizes the car as it pulls into her driveway.The car is smashed up, and indite on. Surely if the car (and Arnold) was real it would have fetched a comment from someone at the hangout. Arnold speaks only to Connie, and foreshadows his intentions in a single comment Gonna lounge around you, baby (2). Many critics believe that Arnold Friend is a daydream, or a fantasy lover conjured up by Connie. However, it is interesting to note that when Arnold comes to Connies house he remains in and speaks with her only in the doorway. He promises and states th at he has no intention of going in without an invitation.He is unable to cross over the threshold without being invited. This is a characteristic of an evil being. He tries hard for an invitation, romantically wooing at her Yes, Im your lover. You dont know what that is but you will. I know that too. I know all astir(predicate) you. But look its real nice and you couldnt ask for aught better than me, or more polite. Ill hold you so tight you wont think you have to try to get away or pretend anything because youll know you cant. And Ill come inside you where its all secret and youll cash in ones chips in to me and youll love me (8).Connie remains unconvinced and contemplates calling the police which she eventually decides not to do. Oates also when describing Arnold Friend actions, writes he looked out to see Arnold Friend pause and then take a step toward the porch, lurching. He almost fell. But, like a clever drunken man, he managed to catch his balance. He wobbled in his high b oots and grabbed hold of one of the porch posts (8). The word lurching is usually employ to describe the movement of an animal, and he wobbles because he has hooves or else of feet. Arnold Friend uses Connies insecurities to make her come to him.First of all Arnold uses the word Dontcha when asking Connie questions (Hurley). If Connie answers no she seems stupid, so it forces her to constantly agree with what Arnold is saying or asking. Connie is a normal teenage girl and is concerned about her looks. When Arnold first pulls up Connie is described as Her heart began to pound and her fingers snatched at her hair, checking it, and she whispered, Christ. Christ, wondering how bad she looked (X). in brief after Arnold tells her Youre cute (3), and even later I dont like them fat. I like them the way you are, dulcify (8).He is trying to boost her ego. He looks and dresses like boys she is attracted too. Connie care the way he was dressed, which was the way all of them dressed tight faded jeans stuffed into black, scuffed boots, a belt that pulled his waist in and showed how lean he was, and a white pull-over shirt that was a little soiled and showed the hard small muscles of his arms and shoulders. He looked as if he probably did hard work, lifting and carrying things. Even his neck looked muscular (5). Arnold has all the characteristics and qualities that her parents want for her to resist (Hurley).When Connie questions who Arnold is, he claims they know each other and have the same friends by listing their names Listen Betty Schultz and Tony foulmart and Jimmy Pettinger and Nancy Pettinger, he said in a chant. Raymond Stanley and Bob Hutter (5). He speaks as if he is singing, He spoke in a simple lilting voice, exactly as if he were reciting the words to a song (5) much like dangerous sirens of Greek mythology. Arnold also makes sure to have music vie that Connie likes, Bobby King (x) and comments I listen to him all the time.I think hes great (4). He uses slang that was commonplace with Connies school friends last year on his car man the flying saucers. It was an expression kids had used the year before but didnt use this year. She looked at it for a while as if the words meant something to her that she did not yet know (6). All these things are meant to make Connie feel cheery and at ease with Arnold. If she is comfortable she will trust him, go for a ride with him, and he can do whatever he wants with her (Slimp).Arnold Friend tries hard to lure Connie away. He romances her like a young lover complimenting how she looks, sharing her try out in music and friends. But she still refuses and he play his last card. He states Im the boy for you, and like I said, you come out here nice like a lady and give me your hand, and nobody else gets hurt, I mean, your nice old bald-headed daddy and your mummy and your sister in her high heels. Because listen why bring them in this? (10). It is at this point that she realizes she has no choice but to go with him.For all the annoyance, resentment, and bitterness she displays toward her family, in the end, she is willing to give up herself for them. She must go with Arnold to save her family and maybe herself. She chooses to go with Arnold because she sees that as her only alternative. Oddly enough if she, at 15, had been as worldly as she would have liked she would have been strong enough and smart enough to realize she did not have to go with Arnold. That she was in control and could easily send him away. Arnold Friend is the embodiment of evil intent and he uses Connies inexperience to falsify her.He shows himself to Connie in a way that she would feel comfortable with as a young noneffervescent talking boy who wants to court her (Slimp). He represents the internal and external conflict that Connie has inside. She resists his various temptations but surrenders herself in hopes of saving her family from harm. At the end of the story the reader does not know what reall y happens to Connie. The open finish conclusion lets the reader reflect on their own conflicts, their own insecurities and weakness. And we, the audience have to wonder, if the evil in the world is going to get us too.

Research Investigation Essay Example for Free

Re explore Investigation EssayA inquiry investigation on what specific skills an pseud would need learn in order to convincingly limn the role of Silvio in Carlo Goldonis, A Servant of deuce depart the hang.Carlo Goldoni wrote the comedy Arlecchino servitore di due padroni, which translates into modern English as The Servant of Two Masters, a commedia dellArte-style dictation. The performers of Commedia were oft illiterate, and as such in that location was no hitch to write down scripts and record the perfor populacece, it was improvised and modified, preserving the aspects the audience found amusing and excluding those that were less successful. In this way, Carlo Goldonis writing down of the mash strictly goes against commedia traditions, as it is non the way things were d peerless when it was origin eithery staged. despite performing all(a) their plays in Italian for the first twenty or so years, Commedia troops had phenomenal success, perhaps because the slapstic k nature of their comedy mingled with its vulgar humor was relatively easy to follow.The themes of the play, including manage, ro opusce, deception and the military position between masters and servants, combine to create an enjoyable and greatly comical performance. The play in addition scrutinizes mixer boundaries that were once present. Such as, the idea of a woman creation dressed as a man this was much much controversial in the 1700s and especially a woman who defeats a man in combat, as Beatrice (comes to Venice dressed as a man in search of her beloved Florindo, She is likewise a part of the first raw sienna couple along with Florindo) defeats Silvio. Smereldina (the maid of Clarice, she is an extremely feisty and about bitter character who hopes much than anything to find a man and suck married) to a fault confronts Silvio and scorns him, which is something unparalleled in that magazine, a woman of the serving class reprimanding a man of status.The play also expl ores the lengths people lead go to for the sake of love, the hopelessness of Florindo (a man banished from his home in Turin for his murder of Federigo Rasponi, and the lover of Beatrice who comes in search of him) and Beatrices relationship to find each other, as well as commenting on the importance of never giving up hope, because as they atomic number 18 about to kill themselves they find each other again. This is also reflected in the many problematical predicaments Truffaldino (the servant of both(prenominal) Florindo and Beatrice, he is a mischievous, hungry man who is pursuit ways to bring out himself, he is comic relief and also the main protagonist) finds himself in, as no affaire how hopeless his website looks, he keeps on envisaging himself getting out of his tricky situations and eventually he does get out of trouble.The behavior by those of the dominant class of the servants is a actually noticeable theme of the time period, and an important social observation. The serving class of Truffaldino, Smereldina and the Porter (she carries the bags places at different times during the play and has a fairly rough time of it, carrying genuinely heavy loads only to be ridiculed and left empty-handed for her labor) ar moveed with little respect and trust without the entirety of the play. As the early performers of this play were more than likely lower class individuals, this play is an insightful parody of their own difficulties. Commedia dellArte is an Italian menage style, characterized by masked performers and improvised scenes based on simplistic scenarios.Carlo Goldoni categorized four elemental types of line of merchandise characters in Italian comedy Pantaloon, a miserly Venetian merchant, easy to anger, disrespected by everyone and a innate(p) loser Dottore, a pedantic lawyer-type from Bologna Brighella, a serenading servant who enjoys thieving, and bragging and Arlecchino, a basically uncaring servant permanently in despair over unre turned love. A Servant of Two Masters is specify in Venice in the 1700s, and would have been performed by a travelling troop of commedia actors. As such, they would have had very limited set facilities, and their performances staged outdoors, meaning they would have to allow for surrounding noises such as fart when performing. Throughout this research investigation it will be delving into what specific skills I must learn in order to convincingly portray the role of Silvio in Carlo Goldonis, A Servant of Two Masters.There is a catch when one decides to take on the task and portray the role of Silvio in The Servant of Two Masters and that is that the comic instincts of a skilled actor need to conquer a t differenceency to be a servant to the text. It has been said that commedia is the riskiest form of comedy. That being said, it is worth the risk. When the flash of inspired improvisation hits an actor it is like a whirlwind and time seems to be in a complete interruption while a ph enomenon takes place. Fortunately Goldonis writing is so perfectly composed and clinging to fundamental Commedia dellArte form that it allows one to understand how to perform below, within and near the text itself.Focusing on the lovers, they are the sons and daughters of characters who are also high on the social ladder this is where Silvio finds himself in The Servant of Two Masters. The lovers in this play (Silvio and Clarice) are not only infatuated with each other they are extraordinarily infatuated with themselves. More often than not, they are only with one another because the other person makes them look better. They argue often, making a big melodramatic show out of their blubbering and attempting to top the others grief yet they immediately make restoration when they receive a flattering remark about their appearance. They speak in a distinguished, pretentious and ornate language If I could think that you desired my blood to avenge my supposed cruelty, I give it you with all my pith. But, oh God Instead of the blood of my veins, accept, I beg you, that which gushes from my eyes.(Goldoni 53)Silvio is traditionally costumed in the latest Italian fashions (since Italy is where Commedia originated) The Lovers elegant costumes were usually of the same color, just in case another couple of lovers was in the play too. This only reaffirms how much they were made for each other. Just like couples who split up matching outfits today. Given that Silvio is wealthy, he wears expensive clothes and jewelry, made of luxurious fabrics. Both Silvio and Clarice usually hold some kind of support in their hand, most likely a letter to swoon over, or a handkerchief barely this is of course the directors choice. There is always a mirror somewhere on their body, being in a purse or pocket, or even hanging as a necklace around the actors throat.This is useful for admiring oneself, or in Silvios case for seeking out Clarice and adorning her through it. Unlike what most know Commedia dellArte to be known for the lovers do not wear masks. Rather, they wear quite a bit of makeup which in turn subsidizes as their mask. The term dreamer is a key way to understanding the lovers movement. Their feet are firmly on the ground, in a somewhat ballet style position, but they lack firm contact with the earth because they lead with their chest and are heart heavy. Their arms are held out to their sides and curved. Their whole expression is very elegant and balletic, as they do not walk so much as glide. They never touch to do so would cause them both to faint and or run away. It is sexually arousing for them to get very close without touching.They arent the brightest individuals so move is somewhat of a challenge causing them to wobble, due to the uncertainty of their lack of contact with the ground. The posture that Silvio undertakes is that of cause pride. His chest is naturally expanded and thrust out so that his heart essentially leads him, sometimes s eeming to literally pull him across the stage. He points his toes while standing (like that of a ballet dancer), and when moving, he takes light, nimble steps, giving himself a floating appearance. Overall, they simply lack contact with the ground. Their hand movements and gestures are very grand, elevated and expressive. Actors use the same dancing trainers as the wealthy individuals whom they are imitating in order to put ferocity on the absurdity of melodramatic behavior.There can be two sets of lovers in a Commedia dellArte play. The prime(prenominal) set of lovers, usually more intelligent and serious, and the Second Lovers which in A Servant of Two Masters is Silvio and Clarice, usually whimsical and slightly silly. The second lovers in Goldonis A Servant of Two Masters are Clarice and Silvio. In research of the lovers when things are not going their way, they throw tantrums, pout, hurl insults while crying and whining. Their manner of dress and movement is highly stylized (more so than the First Lovers), making Silvio quite a narcissus. Silvio exists very much in his own world- and in his own world within that world. Self-obsessed and very selfish, he is more interested in what he is saying himself and how it sounds than in what his beloved Clarice is saying.He is primarily in love with himself, secondarily in love with love, and only without any doubt in love with his beloved. What he learns, if anything, from the tribulations of A Servant of Two Masters is the need to reverse these sickening priorities. Even though most of Silvios declarations would melt a heart of stone, there always seems to be a comic side to everything he says. One wonders if the explanation does not lie in the fact that love often robs the lover of all sense of his own logic, even though he may be the most rational of vivacious men under ordinary circumstances. He does, however, come off better than most other Commedia characters there is no viciousness in him, and less to b e accused of except for his vanity and narcissism. He represents the merciful potential for happiness, which is something that everyone is striving for. Sir, I beg you, let everyone do as they will do not be so put out about it. Now that I am happy, I want all the world to be happy too. Is anyone else going to be married? Let them all get married (Goldoni 54)I have become conscious of the fact that the character of Silvio must be vie as one that is over confident. He is very certain of himself and of his actions. He believes he is entitled to Clarice and is free to fight to protect his property. Silvio is also quite protective, or even overprotective of those things which are important to him, or that he sees as belonging to him. He wishes to keep Clarice all to his own and have her within an sphere he feels he can keep safe. While he is protective of others, he himself shows little regard when placing himself in jeopardy. This is shows how dim witted his character truly is. Th e idea of defeat does not enter his head word and he is always on the front foot, unwilling to let others determine his actions, he is a very wise character. Patience is a virtue, apparently. Silvio often lacks any sense of patience which makes him a very irritable, anxious, angry and difficult to be around type of character. His shortage of patience makes him a rather ignorant character.Silvio is always debauched to act and often makes mistakes because of his unwillingness to listen to the advice or opinions of others. He is a man of action, and he ineluctably for things to be occurring or he quickly loses any potential interest. He is quick to do combat regardless of the consequences, which shows how stupidly in love he truly is. His unwillingness to listen to an entire situation and process his next appropriate action, often get him into irresponsible situations. That wretch shall die, and my ungrateful Clarice shall see her lover wallowing in his own gore. (Goldoni 26) Desp ite his quick anger and his tendency to solve his problems with violence, he is inconspicuously c scatheing.Even though his unwillingness to listen too much besides the sound of his own voice, he is really just eager to please his lover Clarice. He has swept Clarice off of her feet and is the heartthrob of Venetian women. slightly people settle down, and some people are just settling and some people rule out to settle for anything less than the feeling of butterflies, which is exactly how Silvio feels towards Clarice. He is never slow to put himself in harms way. He is quick to action and has little caution for his own well-being when engaging in any sort of fight, or in anything else he does. He is a man to be value when he is at his finest, even though he is willing to do whatever it takes to get what he wants. I dont care how old you are I have a mind to run you straight through the body. (Goldoni 24)Through researching the character of Silvio it would be necessary to portray him as a man who struggles to hold himself in the position in which his status in society places him. He strives to be suave, cool and collected, but somewhat fights to maintain focus and is very quick to act, his actions usually end in anger and much turmoil. He is a powerful physical presence, and is one of formidable struggle skill, but is emotionally immatured on many levels. His love for Clarice is one of his few genuinely mature emotions, and it is his motivation through the play. He is prone to rash, spontaneous actions, as well as to throwing tantrums such as a moody child would when things dont go his way. This effectively suited the comedic aspect of the play while not deteriorating from the romantic story between Clarice and Silvio. When we love we always strive to become better than we are. When we strive to become better than we are, everything around us becomes better, too. (Jeaulo Coelho)

Fair Value Accounting Essay Example for Free

mean(a) Value Accounting EssayTopic To what extent is Fair Value Accounting an effective method in amount the set of fiscal instruments in fiscal statement?In recent years, the breakout of global fiscal crisis has raised controversial debates about whether or not fair tax be (FVA) is an effective method in measuring the set of fiscal instruments (Laux Leuz, 2009). As two main account system standards around the world, both International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and US Financial Accounting Standards (FAS) have adopted FVA as an accounting method to judge the values of just about fiscal instruments (Mala and Chand, 2011). This essay will argue that although FVA generate provide timely and downright expenditure instruction to the users of accounting tuition in somewhat cases, there are potential problems of FVA in measuring the values of monetary instruments on account of unreliable evaluation models, biased prices in inefficient food food markets and a cast out price transmission effect. There are terzetto main parts in this essay. Firstly, it will accord the definition of FVA and whence it will analyze why the effectiveness of FVA may be limited from triad aspects, namely unreliable evaluation models, biased prices in inefficient markets and a negative price transmittal effect. At last, it will consider the pros of FVA regarding the timely and sheer(a) information it provides in some cases and analyze the pros. correspond to Financial Accounting Standards 157, fair value accounting tail be define as an accounting method to saloon the values of assets and liabilities based on the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the sum of moneyment date. That is to say, FVA relies on the actual market prices of the financial instruments and records the exact market prices on the financial statements. In fact, FVA replaces historica l cost accounting (HCA) with the development of accounting standards (Boyer, 2007).Compared with FVA, historical cost accounting can be described as an accounting measurement of values based on the accepted or historical cost when the confederacy got the assets or liabilities. For example, a company bought a lineage for 50 pounds last year. In this year, the price of the stock increases to 100 pounds. Under FVA, the company should record the value ofthe stock at 100 pounds this year while 50 pounds will be recognized under HCA. As the replaced FVA has been regarding as accelerating the global financial crisis, it draws a lot of attention in respect of its potential weaknesses in the accounting field.Firstly, the model to assessment fair values of financial instruments in illiquid markets seems to have insufficient reliableness (Laux Leuz 2009 and Mala Chand 2011). If the markets for the identical or similar financial instruments whose values need to be evaluated are active, the available prices can be used to evaluate the fair values of them (Laux Leuz 2009). However, if the markets do not exist, which means the the markets are indolent or illiquid, the fair evaluation model is needed to estimate the fair value of the financial instruments (Ball 2006). specifically speaking, the model to evaluate fair values of financial instruments rely on the incoming funds prey of the financial instruments and borrowing rate of the company.The future tense cash flow can be described as the future cash inflow (income) and outflow (expense) brought by the financial instruments whilst the borrowing rate of a company can be considered as the cost of capital which can be invested in other investments quite an than the financial instruments. The users of the evaluation model should firstly predict the future cash flow of the financial instruments and then use the borrowing rate of the company to calculate the present fair values. Ljiri (2005) states that using model t o estimate the values of financial instruments provides significant discretionary power to the users and gives uncertainty, which may influence the objectivity of the valuation of financial instruments.Indeed, the same financial instrument could be evaluated differently on account of different estimation of future cash flows and distinct borrowing rate. Because the users of the evaluation model have the power to forecast the future cash flow, different users may have distinct estimations of the same financial instrument based on their perspectives of its future profitability. In addition, different companies may have different borrowing rates due to distinct industries involved. Thus, the supra two uncertain factors affects the objectivity of the fair evaluation of the financial instruments, which limits the reliability of the evaluation model.Secondly, the inefficient markets could heave prices, which has a negative effect on the basis of FVA (Laux Leuz 2009). An inefficient mark et can be defined as a market in which the prices of financial instruments can not be measured accurately due to the inefficient information it provides (Aboody et. al 2002). Additionally, Lim and Brooks (2010) review the empirical literature about the growth of market efficiency over time and find that the market cannot be always efficient and market inefficiency can be easily caused by investor irrationality and liquidity problems.That is to say, the market prices of financial instruments could be depraved by biased behaviors of investors, such as overconfidence or overreaction to a stock, and liquidity problems, such as illiquid market for a long-term bond. Whats more, the distorted prices can not reflect the real values of financial instruments, which makes FVA lose the reliable basis to measure the fair value of financial instruments. Therefore, the biased prices in the inefficient markets tend to the appropriateness of fair evaluation of financial instruments.Thirdly, Laux a nd Leuz (2009) argues that FVA could enforce negative price contagion in the financial markets, which has been considered as the main cause of rapid spread of global financial crisis. It is argued that FVA has ruttish the financial crisis in a bestial spiral and leading to the spread and depth of the financial crisis (Begtsoon 2011, Allen and Carletti 2007, Appelbaum 2009 and Jones 2009). To be specific, after financial crisis broke out, the liquidity of financial instruments markets dried up, which means very hardly a(prenominal) trades of the financial instruments existed in the markets (Begtsoon 2011). As a result, the market pricing mechanism became dysfunctional because the prices should be evaluated from very few trades, which resulted in low prices of financial instruments (ibid).In turn, the low prices put pressure on the financial statements of some financial institutions in terms of assets depreciation under FVA (Allen Carletti 2008). In order to keep capital requireme nts, the financial institutions had no choice but to sell assets at low prices, which led to lower prices of financial instruments in the markets and stimulated further assets depreciation on other financial instruments financial statements under FVA(Plantin et al. 2008a). To sum up, the prices in the market could negatively influence the evaluation of financial instruments under FVA and at the same time, the evaluation of financial instruments under FVA could have a further negative effect on the market prices, which forms a vicious circle that can speed up the price contagion and fluctuations.Nevertheless, supporters of FVA believe that FVA can provide transparent and timely information for the users of accounting information (Brown 2008). As Hughes (2009) says, the function of FVA is like that of the thermometer-it mirrors reality, it does not create it. Since FVA can reflect what is happening in the market on the financial statements immediately, it allows the information users to get easy vex to the most timely and transparent market information. In addition, Hinks (2009) argues that the useful information provided by FVA allows the investors and regulators to approach to the street smart position of financial institutions and encourage them to make corrective decisions.Indeed, it cannot be denied that FVA can provide prompt and transparent price information in some cases. However, it is not always the case which contributes FVA to an effective measurement to value financial instruments. First of all, in an illiquid or inefficient market for some financial instruments, even if FVA could provide timely price information of the financial instruments, the timely information provided is unreliable, which leads to the uselessness of the timely and transparent information provided by FVA.Secondly, even though the financial instruments have an active or efficient market, FVA cannot result in increased transparency of information in financial statements as expe cted (Krumwiede 2008). Thirdly, under FVA, timely price information would lead to volatility of financial statements (Barth 2004). The continuous volatility of financial statements causes confusion for the users of accounting information and raises the companys cost to keep accounts. Hence, although FVA could offer some timely and transparent information to the users, these information limits to some extent because of unreliable information, limited transparency and volatility of financial statements.In conclusion, this essay has discussed three aspects limiting the effectiveness of FVA to measure the values of financial instruments, including evaluation model, inefficient markets and price contagion effect. In addition, it also considers the pros of FVA in terms of timely and transparent information provided in some cases. It can be concluded that even though up-to-date and transparent information could be provided by FVA occasionally, the effectiveness of FVA to measure the values of financial instruments has been limited due to the unreliable evaluation model, distorted prices in inefficient markets and a negative price contagion effect.Because of word limit, this essay cannot cover the detailed application of FVA to specific miscellanea of financial instrument. However, the above discussion can clearly show that FVA has some general problems in measuring the values of financial instruments. Based on above analysis, it can be suggested that the problematic aspects of FVA could be ameliorate or revised by providing more clear explanation and more specific regulations by the constitutors of accounting standards and for some specific financial instruments with illiquid or inefficient markets, it is better to use some other methods to measure their values.

M&A in India in Past Few Years Essay Example for Free

MA in India in Past Few Years EssayAbstractThe demonstrate of spinal fusions and attainments has gained substantial importance in todays embodied world. This process is extensively used for restructuring the business governances. In India, the design of mergers and acquisitions was initiated by the government bodies. Some well known financial organizations also took the necessary initiatives to restructure the corporate arena of India by adopting the mergers and acquisitions policies. The Indian economic reform since 1991 has opened up a whole plentifulness of challenges both in the domestic and international spheres. The increased competition in the global food market has prompted the Indian companies to go for mergers and acquisitions as an important strategic choice. The trends of mergers and acquisitions in India accept changed over the years. The immediate effects of the mergers and acquisitions have also been diverse across the various sectors of the Indian econ omy.Till recent past, the incidence of Indian entrepreneurs getting foreign enterprises was not so common. The situation has undergone a sea change in the last couple on of years. acquirement of foreign companies by the Indian businesses has been the latest trend in the Indian corporate sector. The Indian IT and ITES sectors have already proved their potential in the global market. The new(prenominal) Indian sectors ar also avocation the same trend. The increased participation of the Indian companies in the global corporate sector has advance facilitated the merger and acquisition activities in India.The various factors that played their parts in facilitating the mergers and acquisitions in India be flourishing government policies, buoyancy in economy, additional liquidity in the corporate sector, and dynamic attitudes of the Indian entrepreneurs are the key factors behind the changing trends of mergers and acquisitions in India. Even though mergers and acquisitions (MA) h ave been an important element of corporate strategy all over the globe for several decades, research on MAs has not been able to take into account conclusive evidence on whether they enhance efficiency or destroy wealth. There is thus an ongoing global debate on the effects of MAs on firms. This article seeks to explore the trends and progress in MAs India.electronic copy available at http//ssrn.com/abstract=1618272MERGER ACQUISITION IN INDIA AN ANALYTICAL STUDYThe contrive mergers and acquisitions (abbreviated MA) refers to the aspect of corporate strategy, corporate finance and management dealing with the buying, selling and combining of different companies that stub aid, finance, or help a enkindleing beau monde in a given industry grow rapidly without having to create another business entity. In business or economics a merger is a combination of cardinal companies into one larger company. Such actions are commonly voluntary and view stock swap or cash payment to the targ et. Stock swap is often used as it allows the shareholders of the two companies to share the risk involved in the deal. A merger pot resemble a takeover but result in a new company name (often combining the name of the original companies) and in new branding in some cases, terming the combination a merger sort of than an acquisition is done purely for political or marketing reasons.Mergers may be broadly sort in (i) Horizontal mergers A situation when two or more merging companies manufacture sympathetic product in the same industry. (ii) Vertical mergers A situation when two or more merging companies work at different stages of manufacture of a same product. (iii) Conglomerate mergers A situation when two or more merging companies operate in different industries. The word acquisition, also known as a takeover or a buyout, is the buying of one company (the target) by another. An acquisition may be friendly or hostile. In the former case, the companies cooperate in negotiations in the latter(prenominal) case, the takeover target is unwilling to be bought or the targets board has no prior knowledge of the offer.Acquisition usually refers to a purchase of a smaller firm by a larger one. Sometimes, however, a smaller firm will acquire management control of a larger or weeklong established company and keep its name for the have entity. This is known as a reverse takeover. some other type of acquisition is reverse merger, a deal that enables a private company to get publically listed in a short time period. A reverse merger occurs when a private company that has strong prospects and is eager to raise financing buys a publicly listed shell company, usually one with no business and limited assets.Electronic copy available at http//ssrn.com/abstract=1618272Reasons for Merger and Acquisition operating(a) synergies The uniting of two firms improve productivity or cut costs so that the unlevered cash flows of the combined firm exceed the combined unlevered cash flows of the individual firm A vertical merger surrounded by a supplier and a customer, eliminates various coordination and bargaining problems A horizontal merger between competitors, produces a less competitive product market and cost savings from combining RD facilities and sales forces Financial synergies study and incentive problems may cause cashstarved firms to pass up positive NPV projects, but cash-rich firms to overinvest in negative NPV projects Conglomerates can use internal capital markets to transfer currency from negative NPV projects to positive NPV projects Enhance the flexibility of the organization Reduces bankruptcy riskObjectives In this article an attempt has been made (i) To examine the front of trends and progress of MAs in Indian corporation. (ii) To analyze year-wise and industry-wise variance in number and amount of MA deals. Hypotheses To cover the above objectives following hypotheses have been formulated 1. There is no square difference in nu mber and amount of MA deals in between years and between industries. 2. There is no significant difference between MA progress in manufacturing and service sector industry-wise Trends of MAsThe industry-wise trends in number and amount of MA deals between 2000 and 2007 are presented in the Table 1 and Table 2 and the industry-wise trends and progress of MAs have been analysed on this basis fodder and Beverages India is the worlds second largest producer of aliment next to China, and has the potential of being the biggest with the food and agricultural sector. The Indian food market is estimated at over US$ 182 billion, and accounts for active two thirds of the total Indian retail market. harmonise to industry experts, the market for carbonated drinks in India is worth US$ 1.5 billion while the juice and juice-based drinks market accounts for US$ 0.25 billion. Growing at a rate of 25 per cent, the fruitdrinks category is one of the fastest ripening in the beverages market. The In dian food processing industry plays a significant role in diversifaction of cultivation products, generates employment, enhances income of farmers and creates a surplus for export of agro-foods. The important reason of the MA activity initiated in this industry are deregulation, restructuring disinvestment, restructuring by parent companies and presence of foreign players.Textiles Industry Until the economic liberalization of Indian economy, the India Textile Industry was predominantly unorganized industry. The opening up of Indian economy post 1990s led to a stupendous harvest-home of this industry. India Textile Industry is one of the largest textile industries in the world. Today, Indian economy is by and large dependent on textile manufacturing and exports. India earns around 27% of the foreign exchange from exports of textiles. Further, India Textile Industry contributes about 14% of the total industrial production of India.Furthermore, its contribution to the gross domestic product of India is around 3% only. Textile Industry involves around 35 tarryion workers directly and it accounts for 21% of the total employment generated in the economy. However the important reasons for the MAs in these sectors are harvest-tide of power looms and handlooms sector at the cost of mill sector which has ultimately resulted in making them sick and unviable. This has led to an increase in the closure of mill around in addition, continued and persistent use of old plant and machinery has led to low profitableness in the mill sector and thereby forcing some of mills to closedowns.Chemicals, Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Under this category companies operating in the industrial groups of chemicals, drugs, pharmaceutical, cosmetics petrochemicals and rubbers have been taken into account for analyzing the trend and progress. The drug pharmaceutical industry in India meets around 70% of the countrys demand for bulk drugs, drug intermediates, pharmaceutical formulations, che micals, tablets, capsules, orals and injectibles. There are about 250 large Pharmaceuticals manufacturers and suppliers and about 8000 modest Scale Pharmaceutical Drug Units which form the core of the pharmaceutical industry in India (including 5 rally Public Sector Units). These bulk drugs and pharmaceuticals manufacturers produce the complete range of pharmaceutical formulations i.e. medicines ready for consumption by patients and about 350 bulk drugs i.e. chemicals having therapeutic value and used for production of pharmaceutical formulations.Owing to a significant increase in Pharmaceuticals exports, Indias USD 3.1 billion pharmaceutical industries are growing at the rate of 14 percentage per year. It is one of the largest and most advanced among the developing countries. Even the number of pharmaceuticals exporters, manufacturers and suppliers is increasing tremendously, the factors that contributed to increase in MA activity in these sectors are Introduction of the proces s Patent Act in 1970, which required Indian companies to recognize international process patents. This has given an opportunity for the Indian companies to grow. This growth is associated with MAs and the emergence of WTO has brought about ingrained changes in the pharmaceutical industry. Trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights (TRIPS) of WTO require all Indian companies to comply with international patents. This has principally happened in the form of MAs.Nonmetallic Mineral Products In this sector, cement and ceramics manufacturers are the primary players. The factors responsible for MAs are before 1999 cement industry faced many problems like liquidity crisis, inadequate expenditure on infrastructure and costs of inputs. South-east Asian crisis brought narrowed profitability resulting to the bigger players withstanding the pressure of lower profitability and smaller and marginal players closing down or merging with big players and trying to appear sociable for a takeover. National Quadrilateral Road Project and State Government Policies to construct the irrigation projects could be other factors responsible for this boom.Basic Metal, Alloy and Steel This is one of the oldest and traditional industry sectors in India. Companies operating in metals, alloy, steel and related concerns are grouped under this head. The factors contributing to MAs in this sector are deceleration of the economy during the year 1996-97, the capital markets, remaining depressed for the past couple of years, drying up sources of investment funds for industry, small and medium corporate finding it difficult to access institutional funds and export growth subjected to competitive pressure from imports.Information Technology and Telecom Companies operating in the IT, Software, telecom and convergence sector are clubbed in industry, the central government has formed an independent department of information technology. Since the removal of restrictions on foreign capital investment and industrial de-licensing, Indias Telecom industry has shown large growth The grave factors for increasing MAs in this sector are Consistent efforts were made by the department of telecom and its instalment organizations for upgrading and expanding the telecom networks and services and the Initiation of internet and web based developments and introduction of cell phone in India.Automobiles and Automobile Ancillaries Companies operating in railway carmobile sector, locomotives, entrance and spares have been included under this head. The Indian transport industry has been gradually playing a catalytic role for producing a wide variety of vehicles, rider cars. Important factors responsible for an increase in MAs in this sector are Globilalization is pushing global auto majors to consolidate, to upgrade technology, enlarge product range, access new markets and to cut costs.Competitive pressure and presence of global players have resulted in a number of MAs in this sector .Energy, Power, Gas and Oil Companies operating in the field of energy, power, gas and oil are included in this group. Important factors responsible for an increase in MAs in this sector are, low rate of growth in power generation depressed the growth rate of industrial production and has necessitated immediate attention of big companies like Reliance Industries and due to inaccessibility of power and frequent disruptions have given an impetus to MAs in this sector..

Psychological Effects of Alcoholism Essay Example for Free

Psychological effect of intoxicantism EssayAlcohol is a hale known substance that has been present ever since. It provides a variety of functions for different people from the earliest times until today. In the past, intoxicating beverageic beverages were served not only as thirst quencher it as well as played a significant role in the aspect of religion (Watson). Alcohol connotes pleasure and soci aptitude through the enhancement of the quality of life. Most alcoholic beverages atomic number 18 well represented in wine, beer, and spirits. They support been accounted for numerous positive and negatively charged effect upon consumption (Watson). While alcohol has been be to be beneficial if taken moderately, its misuse may lead to alcoholism. Alcoholism is one of the prevailing affable problems of today. Alcoholism is noted to be a chronic disease wherein the body becomes dependent on alcohol. It is characterized with alcohol obsession, and the person with alcoholism is unable to control the amount of alcohol being taken. Alcoholism can drive full problems and may affect a persons relationship, health, finances, and work (Alcoholism). The physical set up of alcoholism ar evidently well recorded.It is a general knowledge that the abuse of alcohol may lead to serious problems, most especially the abrupt deterioration of human health and its detri amiable impact on the inborn organs. Thus, most people much associate the impact of alcoholism on the physical health. However, what is less considered be its psychological effects that are much more damaging and equally painful to the physical effects that the alcoholic person is aware of (Briggs). It was found out that alcohol consumption and psychic health are closely affiliated in numerous ways.Based from the summary presented by the institute of alcohol studies, mental health problems can result in excessive drinking, but that problem drinking can lead to mental health problems (Tolevanen e t al. qtd. in Cattan and Tilford 142). Aside from this, it was extracted that external factors are major contributors to mental health and alcohol problems. These external factors include genes, social and family environment, psychological and culture influence, the perception about the impact of alcohol, and the level of acceptance for alcohol consumption (Tolevanen et al. td. in Cattan and Tilford 142) Moreover, the influence of the expectancies of alcohol greatly affects how people drink. Take for example the young and old adults.Since the said group of people has a positive perception on the effects of alcohol consumption, they hunt to consume more alcohol. It was concluded that people who use alcohol consumption as a cope strategy perceive the effects of alcohol to be positive, and that alcohol reduces the repercussions of factors that induce stress (Satre and Knight qtd. n Cattan and Tilford 142). Hence, although there were evidences that alcohol consumption may have posi tive psychological effects, it is still apparent that the negative impact of alcohol on human psychology overshadows its positive effects. Depression, Anxiety, and Suicide Since alcoholic beverages are depressants, by the time they begin circulating within an individuals corpse, they decrease the activity carried out by the nervous system to the thought (Naq). Thus, it was noted that drop-off may be the cause or aftermath of alcoholism.Some studies suggest that the effects of alcohol have two phases, the initial of which is that it produces a feeling of euphoria which is wherefore generated to picture by the time the alcohol level in the blood has gone down (Institute of Alcohol Studies IAS 6). It was likewise stated that, when an individual consumes an amount of alcohol that is more than the bodys capacity, it would result in stress. In the spur of the moment, a series of psychological manifestations of stress can be observed through anxiety.Certain conditions, such as restle ssness, nightmares, and overwhelming fear, are some of the anxieties felt or experienced by an alcoholic (Naq). Dependence in alcohol also results in heightened emotions. Most alcoholics are in a high fortune of depression and anxiety, creating a strong link between suicide and alcoholism (IAS 6). Aggression and Violence Many researchers have proven the link between alcoholism and aggression. It was believed that the excessive consumption of alcohol does not only elevate aggressive conducts, but it may also lead to victimization.Alcohol disrupts the normal functions of the brain. Thus, alcohol encourages aggressive behavior and madness. Violence is within the category of aggression, which is characterized by behaviors that are often threatening and hostile. The percentages of alcohol related violence are alerting, and the figures are still raised in the upper limits (U. S. Department of Health and Human go). check to Bancroft, the consumption of alcohol allows offenders to act on what they desire (47). Because of this, offenders become more insulting and intimidating.Most often than not, perpetrators deny the activity and use alcohol as an excuse. Courts sometimes con do perpetrators who blame the committed abhorrence to drinking problems (Bancroft 48). Obsession Alcoholics are identified as intense and obsessed people (Zimberg 4). Once a person becomes dependent to alcohol, obsession with drinking is the likely result. For an alcoholic, there is no difference between a large and small amount of alcohol. Because of alcohol dependency, a person loses interest with other activities except to realise the next drink (Naq).Memory lossAn alcoholic is more likely to experience periods where one cannot cerebrate a thing, otherwise known as blackouts. It is important to take into consideration that alcohol abuse may result in memory loss, which in turn, may be psychologically damaging and self destructive at great levels (Briggs). Apart from this, the depende nce in alcohol has a great association with brain damage and cognitive impairment which may lead to an advance stage known as alcoholic dementia. When such advance case of memory loss is combined with amnesia, the intellectual function of the brain is then lost (IAS 16).Socio-Psychological Effects of Alcoholism The socio-psychological effects of alcoholism may be short term or long term. One of the most prominent short term socio psychological effects of alcoholism is disinhibition. This is well manifested when an individual lacks self regulation and control which leads to numerous anti-social behaviors. Furthermore, alcohol has the capability to repress a persons ability to respond to emotions and decrease inhibitions which, in the end, may cause the alcoholic to exhibit risky behaviors (Curtin et al. qtd. in short and presbyopicer-term Effects).Disinhibition also may result in activities that greatly affect the society such as crime and violence. For instance, in Australia, wher e alcohol is deeply embedded in the culture, out of 70% of crimes committed, 41% were do under the influence of alcohol (National Health and Medical Research qtd. in Short-term and Longer-term Effects). Long term socio-psychological impact of alcoholism is apparent in a family. Alcoholism is recognized as a family disease. In a family, the alcoholic may be a father, mother, teenager, and other close relative.Alcohol dependence of one member of the family may lead to family disruption and may put the whole family at risk that may last for a very long time. In a recent study done by the U. S. Department of Health and Human Services and SAMHSAs (Substance Abuse Mental Health Services Administration) National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information, the numbers of American adults who have been vulnerable to alcoholism reached up to cardinal six million (Parsons). Most family problems are blamed to alcoholism (Parsons). Family members take on different characteristics as a way of adapting to the spotlight.In the case of the familys child or children, various attitudes may be noticed (1) Family hero is a way by which a child acts on the responsibilities, exhibiting obsessive perfectionism and doing things that are too good to be true (2) Scapegoat, wherein misbehavior and delinquency is a form of escape to the patch (3) Lost child is characterized with passiveness and isolation from others to withdraw from the situation and (4) Mascot, by making fun of the situation through comic relief (Donatelle and Davis qtd. n Short-term and Longer-term Effects). In the case of the pardner of the alcoholic, the spouse has to take on the status of both parents. This may cause the spouse to develop feelings of hatred, self-pity, and anti-social behavior. The spouse is also likely to become extremely exhausted, leading to physical and mental illness. Moreover, the non-alcoholic parent has the tendency to neglect the children (Berger qtd. in Parsons).The effects of alc oholism are not limited to the physical aspect. It is evident that it has adverse psychological effects that do not only affect the alcoholic individual, but extend to the society where the alcoholic belongs. Furthermore, base from the results that were framed from the study, it is suggested that comprehensive analysis on the psychological effect of alcoholism according to gender should be done so as to give further justification on the subject.

Companies and the education Essay Example for Free

Companies and the education EssayIt is no denying the fact that globalization is evil, in the real sense of the word, for countries interchangeable India, Pakistan and many otherwise(a) development countries. Globalization is good among the developed countries- like America, Canada, Europe etc. because here the competition is on equal terms. Globalization is also fair among the growth countries, like India, Pakistan etc. besides it can non be give tongue to that globalization or competition is fair and on equal terms between developed countries on the one hand and the developing countries on the other hand. It does not make sense that Pakistan will be able to compete on equal train with America.The outcome of this competition can be forecasted easily i. e. all the benefits will definitely go in the pockets of the multinationals of the developed world and the developing ones will suffer greatly in this bargain. It can be said that globalization is a modern method of ensla ving the third world countries. In the name of globalization the westerly world is dictating the developing countries to open their markets and reduce expenses on social causes, the likes of education and health, while on the other hand the developed countries themselves are subsidizing their farmers, multinational companies and the education.This kind of globalization does not make any sense. But yes it can be called as Westernization. Globalization is the modern face of colonization. In globalization the poor and developing countries are to provide cheap raw materials for the developed world in return for expensive make goods. Thus the developing countries will never be able to produce goods as cheap goods as the all-pervasive multinationals will be producing. They will just provide cheap labor. The supporters of globalization say that globalization has very decreased the global poverty.They say that no doubt most countries have seen lower income growth plainly the worlds two largest countries china and India have experienced the opposite. They also say that it is only those countries that more and more integrate them with the world economy that have managed to grow fastest and reduce poverty the most. Thus it is suggested by them that only those countries who open themselves very much to the world can be benefited in this bargain. Now permit us check these arguments of the supporters of the globalization.Economists agonize about capital flows but often overlooks the social disruptions, cultural clashes and policy-making changes that globalization brings. (Mott. 2004. p. 33) It is no doubt that exports and foreign investment played integral role in chinawares development. chinaware is able to buy the capital equipments and the other modern tools for its modernization by merchandising its home-made products in the length and breathe of the world. The managerial and technical expertise of china is also increased by the increase in foreign investment .Now take a close look and we discover that chinas economic policies violated almost all the rules and regulations according to which the supporters of globalization want to play their game. China joined the World Trade Organization only a year or two covering fire and they also did not liberalize their trade policies to a great extent. Their economic policies are the most defend policies in the world. China opens its financial markets to the world just a little time back. Chinese survive that the solutions to their problems must be the one suitable to the local conditions.Thus they developed and progress immensely not by following the hard and fast rules of globalization but by will, dedication and nicely built policies suitable to the local environment. On the other hand many countries that open themselves up to the world without victorious care of the local demands and conditions suffer financially and functionally. For example, Latin America followed the principles of globa lization with great zeal and sapidity in the 1990sis suffering from increasing inequality, low economic growth rates, and heightened.

Article Rebuttal Essay Example for Free

Article Rebuttal studyAbortion is a disagreement that has been discuss for years. Kenny, Ph. D. and Swope (2013) of American Thinker has share with its audience the at a lower placestanding of the fight back women has in making a decision to continue a motherliness or to abort an ad hoc pregnancy. In analyze the information in the article the reliability, credibility, and validity of the data used by Kenny, Ph. D. and Swope comes from self-directed psychological analysis of womens hidden, emotional response to pregnancy, abortion, and motherhood (Kenny, Ph. D. Swope, 2013).The writers of this article indicated that the interviews took from 75 to 110 minutes, which get them to visualize, replicate, and use relaxation techniques in accessing these individual emotional minds, and to uncover deeply seated emotional require and barriers (Kenny, Ph. D. Swope, 2013). Significantly, some of these problems that relates to abortion are ethical, and religion. However, a charwoma n has right to do whatever she want to her protest body and upon her own judgment, whether it is to keep the baby or to have an abortion.In Fact, a woman has the countenance to make the decision whether to have an abortion or not based on her personal desire, pecuniary status, or unwanted pregnancy. Kenny, Ph. D. and Swope (2013) have provided information regarding the circumstances and how abortion can affect a woman mental state of mind. Most important is to deny a foetus by terminate the fetus merely does not mean that the person is slaughter a person.It could be that the pregnancy was an unplanned pregnancy from rape, incest, or the feeling of not wanting to bring a child in the world under certain circumstances. An example would be a medical condition that may be a blend in or dead situation or simply because she not ready for motherhood because of her age. For instant, a teenage girl between the age of 14 and 20 still in high school and red to college and who is struggli ng with finances are liable to have an abortion.She may become remorseful, but she has to think rough how pregnancy can affect her future and life. In conclusion, a woman rights to be pregnant or to abort an unwanted pregnancy should solely be left up to her no matter what her ground may be. Because she is the one that have to deal with the issues of bring a child in the world or removing the fetus to remove the stress not those groups such as the pro-lifer.